Types
of Particles| Types
of Particles |
In General > s.a. Bosons; Fermions;
particle models, classical and quantum; particle
physics and effects.
* Classification:
Labeling is provided by the irreducible representations of the lorentz
group; > s.a. BMS Group.
* Supersymmetric partners:
All known bosons are assumed to have a partner denoted by the suffix "-ino" and
all fermions one denoted by the prefix "s"; These particles should
decay into an extremely weakly interacting Lightest Supersymmetric Particle,
of at least 40 GeV; The
2002
lower bound
on the gluino
mass is 195 GeV.
@ Masses: Millikan & Richman ht/01 [mass
formula and geometry].
@ Electric dipole moments: Fortson et al PT(03)jun
[fundamental]; > s.a.
electromagnetism, neutron.
@ Other properties: volume PLB(90)239; Barnett et al, Particle Data
Group PRD(96),
RMP(96),
PLB(04); > s.a. statistics.
Leptons > s.a. equivalence principle and
quantum equivalence principle; neutrino;
Singletons.
* Idea: Weakly interacting articles, e, 
, 
,
and the 
's.
* Lepton number: We would
know that it
can
be violated if we had conclusive evidence for neutrinoless double-beta decay,
a process beyond the standard model.
* Tau lepton: Mass
1776.61 ± 0.13(stat) ± 0.35(sys)
MeV.
@ Tau lepton: Stahl 00 [r PT(00)jul];
Eidelman
& Passera MPLA(07)
[anomalous magnetic moment]; Belous et BELLE PRL(07) [mass].
@ Related topics: Particle Data Group PLB(04)
[list]; Belle Collaboration PLB(05)
[search for lepton flavor violation].
Electron > s.a. constants [e,
m] and variation;
history of physics; locality;
lorentz violation; matter;
particles [models].
* History: 1897, J J
Thomson, discovery as cathode rays; 1924, W Pauli, proposal of an inner degree
of freedom, later associated by Kronig and by Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck
with an inner rotational motion; 1927, C J Davisson & L
H Germer, observation of electron diffraction by crystal; 2000, H Maris proposed
that electrons can break up into smaller "electrinos" [@
news pn(00)sep].
* Mass: me =
9.109 3826(16)
× 10–31 kg = 511 keV, with |·/0| < 3
× 10–14 yr–1,
0 = mp /
me.
* Electric dipole moment:
Standard model value pe =
10–39 e · m; 1996, Experimental
bound pe 
10–27 e · m.
* Positron: 2002, evidence
that in a gas it can form bound states with molecules [@ Gilbert et al PRL(02)].
@ General references: Majorana NC(37) [and
positron]; Feynman PR(49)
[positron]; issue PT(97)oct.
@ Internal structure: Robinson PLA(95);
Hofer qp/96,
PhyA(98)qp [and
photons]; Pavsic et al HJ(95)qp/98.
@ Mass:
Levshakov et al MNRAS(02)ap/01 [variation
of mp/me];
Beier et al PRL(02);
Cardone et al ht/05-in;
> s.a. energy [self-energy].
@ Magnetic moment: Jáuregui & de la Peña PLB(81),
Rivas phy/01 [and
spin]; Awobode NCB(02); Steinmann CMP(03)
[careful definition]; Brodsky et al NPB(04)
[non-perturbative]; McCartor ht/04;
Rosencwaig ht/06 [and
self-energy, Casimir approach]; Awobode NCB(06);
Gabrielse pw(07)feb
[measurement and implications]; Giulini SHPMP(08)
[spin]; Vogel CP(09)
[measurement, and test of QED]; Lush a0905 ["hidden momentum"]; > s.a. Gyromagnetic
Ratio.
@ Related topics: Matteucci AJP(90)dec
[wave behavior]; Bernreuther & Suzuki
RMP(91)
[electric dipole]; Rivas JPA(03)phy/01 [dynamical
equations]; Pradhan ht/03 [decay];
Klapdor-Kleingrothaus et al PLB(06)
[lower bound on lifetime]; Stewart CJP(09)qp/07 [angular
momentum]; Matteucci et al EJP(09)
[wave behavior]; > s.a. Luttinger Liquid.
Muon > s.a. QED
phenomenology; supersymmetry
phenomenology.
* Applications: Muon spin rotation
(muSR) method to map magnetic fields from detection of decay positrons; 2005,
Suggested as probes of containers in search for hidden nuclear materials.
* Anomalous magnetic
moment, g–2: A discrepancy with theory may possibly indicate
supersymmetric particles.
* History: 2001, Data
show a 2.6-
deviation
of the muon's g – 2
from standard model predictions; Later went away.
@ Magnetic moment: Everett et al PRL(01)hp [and
supersymmetry]; news pw(01)mar
[discrepancy with standard model]; Feng et al PLB(03);
Blum PRL(03)
[hadronic contribution, lattice]; Hertzog pw(04)mar;
Passera JPG(05)hp/04
[standard model, rev]; Melnikov & Vainshtein
06; Miller et al RPP(07)
[rev]; Jegerlehner & Nyffeler PRP(09); > s.a. Gravitino, quantum-gravity
phenomenology [g – 2].
@ Related topics: Dolgov et al NPB(97)
[oscillations?].
> Online Resources: see g–2 experiment homepage.
Other Types > s.a. graviton;
hadrons [including quarks]; particle
statistics [paraparticles];
photon; QCD [gluons]; quantum [superparticles].
@ New particles: Fairbairn et al PRP(07)
[stable massive, search]; De Angelis et al PRD(07) [proposal of light spin-0
boson].
@ Special field configurations: Ward ht/05-in;
Feranchuk & Feranchuk SIGMA(07)-a0712 [electrons and positrons in QED].
@ Gauge and Higgs bosons: Eidelman et al PLB(04); Particle Data Group PLB(04);
> s.a. electroweak [W, Z,
Higgs].
> Field configurations:
see field theory; geon; instanton;
Kink; Magnon; Meron; monopole; Phonon; Quasiparticle;
Roton; Skyrmion; soliton; Sphaleron.
> Hypothetical / predicted
particles:
see Axino; axion;
Gravitino; GUTs [leptoquarks]; Hyperphoton; Notoph;
Paraphoton; Preons;
Pyrgon; tachyon.
Online Resources > see Particle Data Group website.
main page – abbreviations – journals – comments – other
sites – acknowledgements
send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 26
sep
2009