Photons| Photons |
In General > s.a. electromagnetism;
history of quantum physics; light;
Notoph; photon phenomenology; Wavelets.
* History: Introduced
by Planck; Used by Einstein to explain the photoelectric effect; Called "light quantum" until G N Lewis introduced
the name "photon" in 1926.
* Evidence: Compton effect;
Photoelectric effect (although photons are not necessary if one uses the quantum
theory of electrons); More direct evidence
is the fact that atoms recoil when emitting radiation.
* Mass bounds: 1975, mphoton < 6
× 10–16 eV/c2,
from Jupiter's B field; 1989, mphoton < 6
× 10–16 eV/c2 
4 ×
10–51 kg,
from Earth's B; 1994,
mphoton < 3 ×
10–27 eV/c2 [?];
1998, mphoton < 7 ×
10–17 eV/c2,
from Cavendish balance; Bounds are also obtained from timing of GRB pulses.
@ Mass, observation: Goldhaber & Nieto RMP(71),
RMP-a0809; Montanet
et PDG PRD(94);
Schaefer PRL(99)ap/98 + pn(98)mar
[GRBs]; Neyenhuis et al PRL(07)
[proposed interferometer experiment sensitive down to 9 × 10–50 g].
@ Mass, theory: Prokopec et al PRL(02)
[generation in inflation]; Accioly & Paszko
PRD(04)
[bound from light deflection]; Pal PhyTea(05)phy/06 [history];
Sidharth
FPL(06);
Dolgov & Pelliccia PLB(07)hp/06 [cosmological
consequences]; Cafaro et al ht/07 [and magnetic monopoles]; > s.a. modified
electromagnetism.
@ Other properties: Altschul PRL(07)
+ pw(07)jul,
APP(08)-a0711 [upper
bound of 10–32e or
less on electric charge, 10–24e·cm
on magnetic moment]; Devenish NPPS(08)
[structure functions, overview]; > s.a. gravitating
matter [gravitational field].
@ Classical description: Barut PLA(90)
[model]; Marshall & Santos qp/97;
Simon et al qp/97 [photon
number distribution]; > s.a. gas.
Quantum Aspects > s.a. graviton;
QED and modified QED; quantum
mechanics [wave-particle
duality]; types of coherent states.
@ General references: Einstein AdP(05)
[Rigden pw(05)apr];
Scully & Sargent PT(72)mar; Clauser PRD(74)
[experiment]; Walls Nat(79)aug
[evidence]; Strnad AJP(86)jul;
news Nat(96)apr, Sci(96)apr;
Leonhardt 97; Kolobov RMP(99);
Loudon 00; Paris PLA(01)
[verification]; Marshall qp/02 [against];
Greenberger et al in(07)-a0712 [Planck,
photon statistics, etc]; Silberhorn CP(07)
[detection].
@ Descriptions: Leonhardt 97 [states]; Dvoeglazov in(97)phy
[various], PS(01)
[compositeness?]; > s.a. particle
models.
@ Anderson localization: Wiersma et al Nat(97)dec
+ pn(98)jan;
Malfliet
PLA(00)
[continuum version].
@ Other localization: Tan et al PRL(91)
[non-locality]; Chiao et al SA(93)aug; Hardy PRL(94);
Dotson FP(95);
Home & Agarwal PLA(95);
Brooke & Schroeck JMP(96)
[covariant phase space localization operator]; Keller PRP(05);
> s.a. quantum
locality.
@ Wave / particle aspects: Arnaud AJP(74)jan
[momentum]; Milonni in(83); Ghose et al PLA(91),
PLA(92);
Mizobuchi & Ohtaké PLA(92);
Lamb APB(95)
[against "photon" as a particle]; Razmi
qp/98 [position
and momentum]; Nisius PRP(00)
[structure from e scattering]; Glück
et al PLB(01)
[structure functions]; Carmichael qp/01-in
[fluctuations]; > s.a. Interference.
@ Single photon states: Pfleegor & Mandel PR(67)
[from 2 lasers]; Adlard et al PRL(97);
Lvovsky et al PRL(01)qp;
Bertet et al PRL(02)
[Wigner function, measurement]; Grangier & Abram pw(03)feb;
Oxborrow & Sinclair CP(05)
[sources]; news pn(08)mar
[shortest one, 65 fs]; Cialdi et al NJP(09)
[superluminal propagation]; Ipp et al PRL(09) [yoctosecond, GeV-scale pulses].
@ N-photon states:
Bertet et al PRL(02)
[2-photon]; Brown et al qp/02;
Czachor PLA(03)qp/02;
Ou PRA(06)qp [temporal
distribution]; Hawton qp/06 [1-
and 2-photon states]; Gleyzes et al Nat(07)qp/06 [observing
quantum jumps]; > s.a. fock space.
@ Wave function: Inagaki PRA(98);
Zalesny IJTP(04)
[Bialynicki-Birula wave function]; Bialynicki-Birula qp/05-in;
Raymer & Smith qp/06-in;
Lapaire & Sipe qp/06 [and
interference]; Tamburini & Vicino PRA(08)-a0807 [covariant,
and QED]; Bradler a0910 [relativistically invariant wave packets].
@ Non-classical states: Asbóth et al PRL(05)qp/04;
Bendjaballah PRA(06);
Zavatta et al PRA-a0803 [cavity-enhanced
generation].
@ Other states: Wiseman & Vaccaro PRA(02)qp/99, PRA(02)qp/01 [stationary
laser states]; VanValkenburgh JMP(09) [semiclassical]; > s.a.
QED, Squeezed.
@ And quantum mechanics: Peres AJP(84)jul, FP(84);
Paul RMP(86);
Hawton PRA(99), & Baylis
PRA(01)
[position operator].
@ Related topics: Ghose et al PLA(01)
[Bohmian
trajectories]; Ligare & Oliveri AJP(02)jan
[visualization]; Esposito mp/05-in
[propagator, in QED]; Hawton PRA(08)
[Lorentz-invariant photon number density].
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send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 12
oct
2009