Particles:
Effects| Particles:
Effects |
In General > s.a. field theory; particle
models [relativistic quantum mechanics vs quantum field theory]; particle
types; quantum field theory.
* Idea: The notion of
particle requires that of a timelike Killing vector field; In Minkowski space
there is a natural choice, but in general relativity it
is ambiguous; Also, it is defined only when
there are no interactions; Only for small 
,
large 
,
one has an approximate notion; The problem is equivalent to that of defining
an
appropriate Feynman propagator.
* In 2D: They can belong
to a 1D representation of the braid group (anyons), or other (superstrings,
...).
@ General references: Achinstein 91 [history-philosophy, I].
@ Elementary particles: Lev JPA(04)ht/02 [SO(1,4), only fermions, charged].
@ Antiparticles: Dastidar & Dastidar MPLA(99) [Feynman's backward t travel].
@ Wave-particle duality: Sánchez IJMPA(04)ht/03 [extended
to strings/black holes].
@ Internal degrees of freedom: Kim APPB(96)ht, cm/96-in,
IJMPA(97)ht/96 [internal
symmetries], qp/96-in
[and
wavelets].
Particle Creation / Production by Electromagnetic Fields
* Schwinger effect:
The quantum pair production
of charged particles in a strong electric field; > s.a. inflation [quantum perturbations].
@ General references: Gitman JPA(77);
Srinivasan & Padmanabhan gq/99;
Narozhny et al PLA(03)
[and accelerated observers]; Dunne & Schubert PRD(05)ht [worldline
instantons]; Kim & Page PRD(07)ht
[inhomogeneous fields]; Dietrich & Dunne JPA(07)
[and Gutzwiller trace formula].
@ Time-dependent fields: Szpak JPA(08)ht/06-PhD;
Cooper & Nayak ht/06;
Kleinert et al PRD(08)-a0807 [spacetime-dependent
fields]; Mahajan AP(09);
Dumlu a0901 [equivalence
of approaches].
Particle Creation / Production by Gravitational Fields > s.a. black-hole
radiation; horizons;
quantum field theory effects in curved spacetime.
* Remark: The effect
is determined by the square of the Weyl tensor; This motivates a definition
of
entropy (Penrose), but how to go from one to
the
other is not known.
@ General references: Schrödinger (39); DeWitt PR(53);
Parker PR(69);
Sexl & Urbantke
APA(67); PR(69);
Zel'dovich & Pitaevski CMP(71);
Chitre & Hartle
PRD(77);
Woodhouse PRL(76);
in Birrell & Davies 79; Gasperini PTP(90);
Arteaga a0707-PhD;
Nikolic a0708 [reliability
of semiclassical description]; Pavlov G&C(08)-a0811 [spacetime
description]; Fucci & Avramidi a0911-in.
@ In the early universe: Hartle in(84); Zlatev et al PRD(98)ap/97 [parametric
resonance]; Martin LNP(08)-a0704
[cosmological Schwinger effect]; Kaya IJMPD-a0810 [fluctuations and ensemble
picture].
@ In non-trivial topology: Kandrup & Mazur MPLA(89); > s.a. quantum
field theory in curved backgrounds.
@ Related topics: Wald CMP(77)
[gravitational back-reaction], GRG(78) [effective stress-energy]; > s.a. dissipation, entropy.
Particle Decay > s.a. experiments
in quantum mechanics; hilbert space [unstable];
pilot-wave interpretation;
quantum effects.
* Decay rate: A non-exponential
rate has been predicted based on the rigged Hilbert space
formalism (Prigogine et al).
@ References: Müller PRD(97)ht [and
acceleration]; Wilkinson Nat(97)jun
+ pn(97)jun
[non-exponential]; Harshman AJP(03)oct
[mass uncertainty]; Epstein IJGMP(08) [in de Sitter space].
Other Effects > s.a. causality; force;
gravitating matter; particle
statistics; radiation.
@ Multiparticle effects: Atiyah & Sutcliffe PRS(02)ht/01 [configuration
space and energy].
> Particle motion: see
gravitating
objects, newtonian orbits, scattering, test
bodies.
> Related topics: see Detectors, energy [self-energy]; horizons; localization; resonance.
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nov 2009