Early-Universe
Cosmology| Early-Universe
Cosmology |
In General > s.a. astronomy;
gravitational-wave background;
inflation; kaluza-klein theory; QCD
phenomenology;
string phenomenology.
* Goals: Explain the matter/antimatter asymmetry and the growth of
inhomogeneities to become galaxies (by models for the formation of these inhomogeneities
and
proposals for dark matter).
* Features: The main
paradigm that has emerged is that of inflationary universe (uses guts, symmetry
breaking, etc).
* Classical modifications: They include oscillating universes and
bounces.
@ I: Wilczek SA(80)dec [matter/antimatter]; Morris 93 [dark matter];
Hu
& White SA(04)feb [acoustics]; Tegmark
ap/05-in.
@ Reviews: Dolgov & Zel'dovich RMP(81);
Lindley et al AJP(88)jun-RL;
Salam IJMPA(89);
Ellis in(95), NPPS(96)ap;
Liddle ap/96-in;
Wilczek hp/96-in;
Lukash ap/99-in;
Akerib et al hp/02-in;
De Vega ap/03-ln;
Ellis ap/03-in, ap/03-in, ap/03-in;
Ratra & Vogeley PASP(08)-a0706
[rev]; Langlois a0910-in.
@ Texts: Gibbons et al ed-83; Kolb et al ed-86, & Turner 87; Börner
88; Domínguez & Quirós 88; Padmanabhan 96 [problems]; Peacock
99; Peter & Uzan 09.
@ Unconventional ideas: Brandenberger & Magueijo hp/99-ln;
Volovik PRP(01)gq/00 [superfluid
analogy].
@ Pre-big-bang cosmology: Gasperini ht/99-in
[and duality]; Veneziano ht/99;
Feinstein RMF(01)gq-ln
[review].
@ Related topics: Pessah et al PhyA(01)gq,
Pessah & Torres PhyA(01)gq [and
non-extensive statistical mechanics]; Aldrovandi et al EPJC(08)-a0810 [equation
of state and inflation]; Tsamis & Woodard PRD(09)-a0904 [perfect-fluid
phenomenological model].
> Specific features:
see observational cosmology; critical
phenomena; dark matter; GUTS;
monopoles; particle effects.
Quantum Gravity, the Transplanckian Issue and Pre-Big Bang > s.a. brane
world; quantum cosmology; string
phenomenology.
* Transplanckian challenge:
The issue appears when we trace fluctuations
with
presently physical
wavelengths backwards in time until they cross the Planck scale, the limit
of validity of conventional quantum field theory; One concludes that unknown
ultraviolet physics left an imprint in the observable cosmological fluctuations.
This issue
is usually addressed within the inflationary context, but it
is much broader.
* Ekpyrotic
cosmology:
Based on brane world cosmology as pre-big bang scenario.
@ References: Ginsburg, Mukhanov & Frolov JETP(88)
[and fundamental length]; Vaudrevange & Kofman a0706 [transplanckian
issue in
Milne universe]; >
s.a. quantum-gravity phenomenology.
Particle Production > s.a. astrophysics; graviton; relativistic
cosmologies.
* Inflation:
Based on a cosmological phase transition as pre-standard model scenario.
@ Thermodynamic view: Kremer & Devecchi PRD(02)gq [and inflation].
@ Related topics: Silk & Stodolsky PLB(06)
[observable bursts]; > s.a. quantum field theory
effects
in
curved spacetime.
Baryogenesis > s.a. CPT;
phenomenology of higher-order gravity.
* Idea: As a process,
baryogenesis refers to the production of baryons in the early universe; Often,
however, the term refers to the fact that many more baryons (matter) are observed
than antibaryons (antimatter).
* Matter-antimatter asymmetry:
Sakharov's conditions
are (i)
Baryon
number violation; (ii) C and CP violation; (iii)
Departure from thermal equilibrium; Would have happened in the GUT or electroweak
era.
* Origin: 2004, Unknown,
but theoretical advances and experimental limits have ruled out some scenarios;
For example, any explanation within the
Standard
Model (including the sphaleron baryogenesis at the electroweak phase
transition)
now seems to be ruled out as insufficient, but its supersymmetric extensions
offer promise.
* Predictions: nbaryons / nphotons =
10–9+/–1, conserved (see above).
@ Reviews: Dolgov PRP(92)
[after the GUT era]; Trodden RMP(99)hp/98,
hp/98 [electroweak];
Burles et al PRL(99)ap [sharpening];
Quinn PT(03)feb
[history]; Trodden Pra(04)hp/03-in,
hp/04-ln;
Schwarz AdP(03)ap [0 < t < 1
s]; Cline AS(04);
Dine & Kusenko
RMP(04)hp/03;
Quirós JPA(07)
[electroweak]; Buchmüller a0710-in
[and dark matter].
@ Leptogenesis:
Buchmüller et al AP(05)
[for pedestrians], ARNPS(05)hp;
Cosme et al PRD(05)
[and dark matter?]; Davidson et al PRP(08)
[rev]; > s.a. CP
violation.
@ Other references: Buchmüller & Fredenhagen PLB(00)
[Kadanoff-Baym equations]; Dolgov et al ap/00/PRD,
Bugaev et al PAN(03)ap/01 [from
primordial black holes]; Alexander et al PRL(06)ht/04 [from
gravitational waves in inflation]; Carmona et al MPLA(06)ht/04 [without
departure from thermal equilibrium]; Davoudiasl et al PRL(04)
[gravitational
CPT violation]; Kobakhidze hp/04 [anomaly-induced];
Panchapakesan ap/05 [cosmological
constant
and varying constants]; van der Post & Prokopec hp/06 [in
Brans-Dicke]; Hamada et al MPLA(08)-a0708 [by
quantum gravity]; > s.a. dark-matter
models.
Nucleosynthesis > s.a. astrophysics; nuclear
physics; Nitrogen; observational
cosmology [chemistry].
* Idea: D, 3He, 4He
and 7Li
synthesized in the first 1000 s; 1998, There is rough agreement between observation
and theory for 3 light 
's
and Nnucleons / Nphotons =
3 to 4 
10–10,
but some problems with 4He
and D abundances.
@ Reviews and general: Alpher et al PR(48)
[the paper that started it all]; Hogan SA(96)dec
[deuterium]; Turner NA-ap/96;
Schramm & Turner RMP(98);
Esposito et al NPB(00)ap/99, ap/99-in;
Olive ap/00-in, ap/02-in;
Steigman ap/00-in;
Dolgov hp/02-in;
Steigman ap/02-ln, ap/03-in;
Harwit & Spaans ApJ(03)ap;
Molaro a0708-in;
Nollett pw(07)aug;
Steigman ARNPS(07)-a0712;
Miele & Pisanti a0811-in;
Iocco et al PRP(09).
@ Primordial He: Peimbert et al ap/02-in;
Salvaterra & Ferrara
MNRAS(03)ap [vs
population III stars]; > s.a. Helium.
@ Primordial Li: Jedamzik PRL(00)
[6Li
and exotic physics];
news pw(06)aug
[fate of Li]; Pospelov PRL(07)hp/06,
Bird et al PRD(08)-ap/07 + pn(07)may
[formation catalyzed by charged particles]; Cumberbatch et al PRD(07)-a0708
[and late-decaying particles].
@ Other theories: Massó & Rota PRD(03)
[modified Friedmann equation]; Mueller
et al PRD(04)ap [varying
constants]; > s.a. higher-order
theories, scalar-tensor.
@ As
probe of fundamental physics:
Dent et al PRD(07)-a0705; >
s.a. modified electromagnetism; lorentz violations; non-commutative
geometry; quantum-gravity
phenomenology.
@ Related topics:
Carroll & Kaplinghat PRD(02)ap/01 [and
expansion]; Lara et al PRD(06)
[inhomogeneous big bang].
Decoupling and the Dark Ages
* Decoupling: The period
when the Universe was dark, stars had not yet formed, and the cosmic microwave
background
no longer traced the distribution of matter, in which the primordial soup evolved
into the rich zoo of objects we now see.
@ References: Loeb SA(06)nov, ap/07 [dark
ages];
Diver & Teodoro MNRAS(08)-a0705 [electromagnetic
consequence of decoupling].
Structure Formation > s.a. fluctuations; gravitational
perturbations; inflation; sound;
quantum field theory
effects
in
curved spacetime.
* Main mechanisms: Amplification
of quantum fluctuations in the early universe, which somehow become inhomogeneous
classical fluctuations, and topological defects.
@ Galaxies and structure: Peebles
80; Padmanabhan 93; Coles & Lucchin 95; Coles CP(96);
Anninos LRR(01)
[computational]; Barkana & Loeb PRP(01)
[first stars and quasars]; Bernardeau et al
PRP(02);
Gill et al ap/02-in
[dark matter, simulation]; Rodriguez ap/05-PhD;
Springel et al Nat(06)ap [rev];
Gao & Theuns Sci(07)-a0709 + pw(07)sep
+ BBC(07)sep
[warm dark matter and filaments]; Loeb a0804-in
[rev].
@ Fluctuations: Sakellariadou IJTP(00)
[initial quantum state]; Coles ap/02-ln
[statistics]; Magueijo & Pogosian PRD(03)ap/02,
Oaknin ht/03 [thermal
vs quantum]; Shafieloo & Souradeep PRD(04)ap/03 [primordial
spectrum and WMAP]; Magueijo PRL(08)-a0803 [with
large speed of sound]; Sudarsky & De Unanue JPCS(09)-a0901
[new physics needed].
@ Recombination to reionization: Loeb ap/99-in
[reionization]; Miralda-Escudé Sci(03)ap [dark
age rev]; Sunyaev & Chluba a0710-in;
Wong et al a0711/MNRAS;
Loeb JCAP-a0811 [reionization,
stars and quasars]; > s.a. milky way galaxy [satellites]; observation.
@ Amplification of fluctuations: Steinhardt CQG(93); Grishchuk gq/96.
@ In various theories / scenarios:
Koyama JCAP(06)ap [modified
Friedmann equation]; Brandenberger MPLA(07)ht-in,
PTPS(07)ht [string-gas
cosmology]; Laszlo & Bean PRD(08)-a0709 [modified
gravity]; Miedema & van Leeuwen a0805 [Einstein
gravity in FRW spacetime].
>
Related topics: see cosmological perturbations [quantum
to classical]; dark
energy; dark
matter; modified
newtonian dynamics; topological
defects.
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send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 31
oct
2009