String Theory Phenomenology  

Particle Physics and Gauge Theory > s.a. axions; GUTs; neutrino; yang-mills theory.
* Enhancon: A hypersurface (spherical in the initial proposal), apparently made of D-branes, which arises in string theory studies of large N SU(N) pure gauge theories with eight supercharges.
@ General references: Faraggi ht/97-in, ht/99-in; Quevedo NPPS(98)hp/97; Ibáñez CQG(00)hp/99-in; Sudarsky et al PRD(03) [bounds from low-energy data]; Distler et al PRL(07)hp/06 [falsifiability in WW scattering]; Dine PT(07)dec [rev].
@ And gauge theory: Polyakov NPPS(98)ht/97 [confinement], IJMPA(99); Aharony ht/02-ln, Evans pw(03)may [QCD]; Ghilencea & Groot Nibbelink CQG(03) [corrections to couplings]; Imeroni PhD(03)ht; Sugimoto & Takahashi JHEP(04)ht [and QED]; Caselle et al JHEP(05)hl [Nambu-Goto string and interquark potential]; Mateos CQG(07)-a0709-ln [and QCD].
@ Accelerator physics: Dudas & Mourad NPB(00)ht/99; Antoniadis & Benakli IJMPA(00), Antoniadis IJMPA(06)in [also branes]; Distler et al PRL(07) + sr(07)jan [prediction for W-boson scattering]; Anchordoqui et al NPB(09).
@ Enhançon: Jarv & Johnson PRD(00)ht; Johnson PRD(01)ht/00; Astefanesei & Myers JHEP(02)ht/01, Dyson et al JHEP(02)ht/01 [non-spherical]; Merlatti NPB(02)ht/01 [fractional branes].

And Gravity > s.a. approaches to quantum gravity; covariant quantum gravity; quantum black holes; quantum-gravity phenomenology; schwarzschild.
* Idea: General relativity is recovered in the sense of an effective interaction between strings in scattering processes; Early suggestions were from Scherk & Schwarz &(74) and Yoneya &(74); The first correction to the general relativity action is a Gauss-Bonnet term.
* Questions: Get black holes (and black-hole evaporation); Planck-scale behavior (Are there singular solutions? Are they generic? Singularity theorems?).
* Problem: Conformal ambiguity in the physical metric.
@ Books, reviews: Giddings hp/05-in; Ortín 07; Yoneya a0901-in [history, 1969–1974]; Blau & Theisen GRG(09) [open questions].
@ General references: Boulware & Deser PRL(85); Sannan PRD(86); Banks & Lykken NPB(90); Smolin gq/96; Branson et al PLB(97)ht/96; Porrati LMP(99) [and general relativity]; Green CQG(99)A; Aharony et al PRP(00) [and large-N field theories]; Wessling & Wise PLB(01)ht; Polyakov IJMPA(02)ht/01 [thoughts]; Siegel ht/03 [weakening at short scales]; Horowitz NJP(05)gq/04 [spacetime]; Arkani-Hamed et al JHEP(07)ht/06 [string landscape and quantum gravity]; Roberts ht/06 [unified field theory]; Damour & Lilley a0802-ln; Wadia a0809-in [rev, semi-technical]; Deo et al G&C(09) [quantum gravity].
@ Gravitational waves: Brustein ht/96 [background]; Allen & Brustein PRD(97)gq/96 [and LIGO]; Ungarelli & Vecchio gq/99-in; Cartier et al NPB(01) [string cosmology].
@ Solutions: Coley PRL(02) [vanishing curvature invariants]; Petri gq/04 [holographic]; Gimon & Horava PLB(09)-a0706 [superspinning black holes violating Kerr bound]; Hernández et al G&C(09) [stationary axisymmetric]; > s.a. black holes.
@ Supergravity: Witten NPB(95)ht; Aspinwall NPPS(96)ht/95; Stelle ht/05-in [divergence structure]; Deo IJMPA(06)ht/05 [derivation].
> Other: see branes; corrections to newtonian gravity; graviton; quantum spacetime; spacetime; uncertainty.

Cosmology > s.a. Baby Universes; brane cosmology [including ekpyrotic]; cosmological constant; dark energy; dark matter.
@ Reviews: Gasperini ht/95-in, ht/99-in; Veneziano ht/95-in, HPA(96)ht/95; Brustein ht/98-in; Lykken ap/99-in; Lidsey et al PRP(00)ht/99; Kraniotis IJMPA(00); Carroll ht/00-ln; Gasperini CQG(00)ht; Brandenberger ht/01-in; Mavromatos LNP(02)ht/01; Copeland ht/02-in; Quevedo CQG(02)ht-ln; Wands CQG(02)ht; Gibbons CQG(03)ht-in [tachyon cosmology]; Cleaver ASR(05)ap/03; Danielsson ht/04-ln; Bailin & Love 04; Cline ht/06-ln; Gasperini 07; McAllister & Silverstein GRG(08)-a0710.
@ General references: Hertzberg et al PRD(07)-a0709, JHEP(07)-a0711 [and inflation]; Papineau a0708-PhD; Anchordoqui et al PRD(07)-a0704.
@ Quantum cosmology: Cavaglià & Ungarelli CQG(99)gq, gq/99-in; Kobakhidze & Mersini-Houghton EPJC(07)ht/04; García-Compeán et al PRD(05) [tachyon-driven].
@ Singularities: Larsen & Wilczek PRD(97)ht/96 [FRW models]; McInnes ht/06 [spatial topology and singularity resolution]; Craps CQG(06) [rev].
@ Pre-big-bang: Gasperini et al NPB(97)ht/96; Veneziano ht/98-in; Borunda & Ruíz-Altaba ht/98-in, ht/98; Cartier et al JHEP(00)ht/99 [graceful exit]; Veneziano ht/00-ln; Gasperini & Veneziano PRP(03), ht/07-in; Veneziano SA(04)may.
@ Imprints on cmb: Durrer et al PLB(98)ap, PRD(99)gq/98; Melchiorri et al PRL(99)ap; Hannestad & Mersini-Houghton PRD(05)hp/04; news pw(07)feb; Mersini-Houghton MPLA(06) [and large-scale structure]; Kallosh & Linde JCAP(07)-a0704 [tensor modes].
@ Cosmic (super)strings: Polchinski ht/04-in, ht/04-in; Davis & Kibble CP(05)ht; Becker et al PRD(06)ht/05 [heterotic]; Jackson JHEP(07)-a0706 [interactions]; Khatri & Wandelt PRL(08)-a0801 + sr(08)jan [cosmic-string network imprint on 21-cm background]; Nelson a0910-in [dynamics and cusps]; Copeland & Kibble a0911 [rev]; > s.a. cosmic strings.
@ String gas cosmology: Battefeld & Watson RMP(06)ht/05; Brandenberger a0808-in; > s.a. early-universe cosmology [structure formation].
@ Related topics: Dabrowski & Stelmach AJ(89)ap/04 [expansion rate and galaxy counts]; Sakellariadou NPB(96)ht/95; Horowitz & Marolf JHEP(98)ht; Billyard et al PRD(99)gq, JMP(99)ht [with cosmological constant], CQG(00)gq/99 [homogeneous]; Damour AHP(03)ht/02-in, NCB(03), IJMPA(04) [and chaos]; Tsujikawa CQG(03) [non-singular]; Gasperini & Nicotri PLB(06)ht/05 [B fields and gravitational wave background]; McInnes NPB(06) [pre-inflationary]; Banks ht/07 [entropy and initial conditions].
> Models: see bianchi IX and other models; gödel; gowdy; inflation; perturbations; singularity types and censorship.

Astrophysics and General > s.a. anthropic principle.
* Landscape: The name refers to a plot shaped like a mountainous landscape, where altitude represents the cosmological constant, with its value settling on a low point somewhere between the peaks of the landscape; But there could be on the order of 10500 possible such low points, and no obvious reason for the universe to pick the one we observe; Seen either as a virtue (e.g., in parallel worlds scenarios) or as a sign of inability to make predictions.
@ General references: Kane PT(97)feb; Musser SA(02)oct; Gates PT(06)jun; editorial pw(07)sep.
@ Astronomy / astrophysics: Mavromatos a0903-in [high-energy gamma rays].
@ Landscape: Quevedo pw(03)nov; Bousso & Polchinski SA(04)sep; Douglas ht/06-in; Schellekens phy/06 [general audience]; Conlon CP(06); Acharya & Douglas ht/06 [finite?].

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