Modified Formulations of QED  

In Curved Spacetime > s.a. dispersion; kerr-newman solutions; quantum fields curved spacetime; wave phenomena.
* Effects: Can lead to modifications of gab ka kb = 0, including both superluminal propagation and dispersion.
@ General references: Alvarez & Olive CMP(00) [flux quantization]; Ralph et al a0809 [alternative formulation]; Pfenning CQG(09)-a0902 [arbitrary dimension]; Gonçalves et al a0906 [one-loop corrections to photn propagator].
@ Black-hole spacetimes: Drummond & Hathrell PRD(80) [Schwarzschild, vacuum polarization and v > c]; Matyjasek PRD(97); Crispino et al PRD(01)gq/00 [static, Gupta-Bleuler]; Altschul & Jackiw PLB(01) [near Schwarzschild horizon]; Casals & Ottewill PRD(05)gq [canonical].
@ Cosmological spacetimes: Sucu & Unal IJMPA(02)gq/02 [FRW models]; Cotaescu & Cotaescu a0806 [de Sitter]; Jiménez & Maroto a0903 [no Lorentz invariance on cosmological scales, and dark matter]; Faci et al a0910 [de Sitter, conformally covariant quantization]; > s.a. FRW models.
@ Other backgrounds: Furlani JMP(95) [static].
@ With gravity: Isham, Salam & Strathdee PRD(71), PRD(72); Bjerrum-Bohr PRD(02)ht [scalar QED, quantum gravity corrections].
@ Green functions: Bimonte et al CQG(04)ht/03, in(04)mp/05.
@ Related topics: Dimock mp/02 [on T3]; Shore CP(03)gq [birefringence, superluminal]; Hollowood & Shore PLB(07)-a0707 [violation of micro-causality]; Hollowood & Shore JHEP(08)-a0806 [causal structure and refractive index]; Avramidi & Fucci a0902 [low-energy effective action].

Schwinger Model
* Idea: 2D massless QED.
@ References: Melnikov & Weinstein PRD(00)hl [lattice]; Avossevou & Govaerts ht/02-in [non-perturbative, gauge-invariant quantization]; Muslih MPLA(03) [chiral, path-integral quantization]; Azakov IJMPA(06)ht/05 [on S1, path integral vs canonical]; Bracken IJMPA(08)-a0710 [chiral, constraints and quantization]; Belvedere et al a0908 [at finite temperature].

Other Theories and Approaches > s.a. modified electrodynamics [stochastic]; QED; topological field theories.
* With CPT / Lorentz violation: There is a controversy about a possible Chern–Simons-like term generated through radiative corrections in QED with a CPT-violating term.
* Scalar electrodynamics: A well-known version is the Pauli-Weisskopf theory, but Majorana had developed an earlier theory.
@ Based on electron self-energy: Barut et al PRA(88), Barut & Dowling PRA(89) [electron g – 2], PRA(90) [2-level atom]; Barut PS(88) [rev].
@ With photon mass: Esposito FP(02); > s.a. photon.
@ With CPT / Lorentz violation: Chung & Chung PRD(01); Andrianov et al JHEP(02); Shore NPB(05)ht/04 [strong equivalence, tests]; Bonneau NPB(07); Brito et al a0906 [with massless fermions, high-temperature]; Li et al PLB(09).
@ Other additional terms: Alfaro et al PLB(06)ht [Lorentz-violating, consistency].
@ World-line methods: Dittrich & Shaisultanov PRD(00)ht [vacuum polarization].
@ No-photon electrodynamics: Hainzl & Siedentop CMP(03) [mass and charge renormalization]; Hainzl et al mp/06 [mean-field approximation].
@ Non-local electrodynamics: Chrétien & Peierls PRS(54); Scharnhorst PRS(95) [gauge]; Mei a0902.
@ Scalar electrodynamics: Guendelman et al PLB(95)ht [and volume-preserving diffeomorphisms]; Shvedov ht/04 [Hamiltonian, semiclassical]; Esposito AdP(07)-a0710 [Majorana's theory]; > s.a. modified electrodynamics.
@ Non-linear theory: Azatov & Chkareuli PRD(06) [and Lorentz invariance]; Chkareuli & Kepuladze PLB(06) [massive, and Lorentz invariance].
@ New approaches: Oakley PS(90); Scharf 95 [causal]; Kijowski et al LMP(95) [in terms of gauge-invariant quantities]; Ribaric & Sustersic ht/99; Razmi & Abbassi qp/99; Milton CzJP(03)ht, CzJP(04)ht/03 [PT-symmetric version]; Smith & Raymer NJP(07); Majumdar & Bhattacharjee a0904 [gauge-free].
@ With varying fine-structure constant: Ferrero & Altschul a0910 [Lorentz and gauge symmetry violation].
@ Generalized uncertainty relations: Camacho GRG(03)gq, IJMPD(03)gq.
@ Related topics: Bender & Milton ht/98; Brana NCB(01) [without divergent self-interaction]; Nogueira & Kleinert PRL(05)cm [2+1 condensed matter effective theory]; Boozer EJP(08) [1+1 toy model]; Ford JPA(08)-a0807 [non-Hermitian, magnetic].
> Related topics: see boundaries [euclidean]; non-commutative gauge theory; photon [wave function]; Proca Theory; theories on graphs.

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