Vacuum Phenomenology |
Vacuum Energy
> s.a. Conformal Field Theory; Lamb Shift;
symmetry breaking and vacuum [false vacuum decay].
* And the cosmological constant: It
has often been suggested that the origin of the cosmological constant may be the
vacuum energy of quantum fields; In that case, it is susceptible to Casimir-like
fluctuations induced by gravitational sources; Another suggestion is that the
vacuum energy itself does not gravitate, and the cosmological constant arises
from fluctuations; One such proposal is the vacuum energy sequestering idea;
> s.a. cosmological constant.
* Vacuum energy sequestering:
A mechanism for cancelling off the radiative corrections to vacuum energy.
@ General references:
Puthoff PRA(89),
comment Wesson PRA(91),
reply Puthoff PRA(91),
comment Santos PRA(91),
reply Puthoff PRA(91) [electromagnetic, origin];
Roberts ht/00 [rev];
Fulling JPA(03)qp [and heat kernel coefficients];
Volovik IJMPD(06)gq [myths];
Bruhn PS(06) [energy cannot be extracted];
Holdom NJP(08) [in massless QCD];
Duplančić et al PRD(10) [vacuum energy density probability distribution];
Calloni et al PRD(14),
a1409 [weighing the vacuum, Archimedes project];
Alexander & Mersini-Houghton a1705 [and the hierarchy of forces];
Pagani & Reuter a1906 [and background independence].
@ In cosmology:
Turner in(96)ap/97;
Beck & Mackey PhyA(07),
Rafelski et al a0909-conf [as dark energy];
Maggiore PRD(11)-a1004 [and the cosmological expansion];
Mangano a1005
[primordial perturbation spectrum and dark-energy parameter];
Albareti PRD(14)-a1404 [as dark matter].
@ Special situations:
Nesterenko & Pirozhenko CQG(11) [conical spaces].
@ Non-gravitating:
Datta CQG(95);
Padmanabhan IJMPD(06)gq;
Emelyanov NPB(19)-a1907.
@ And the cosmological constant:
Sahni MPLA(99);
Razmi & Abbassi qp/99 [different approach];
Rugh & Zinkernagel SHPMP(02)ht/00 [conceptual];
Genet et al qp/02-IAP [rev];
Ford gq/02-IAP;
Volovik AdP(05)gq/04;
Marsh a0711 [need to redefine vacuum];
Santos ASS(10)-a0812;
Durt a1302/EPL [astronomical consequences];
Visser Part(18)-a1610 [zero-point stress-energy tensor and Lorentz invariance];
Álvarez et al a2011 [weight, in various contexts].
@ Vacuum energy sequestering: Kaloper et al PRL(16)-a1505 [manifestly local theory];
Kaloper & Padilla PRL(17)-a1606 [and graviton loops];
Bufalo et al PRD(16)-a1606 [canonical formulation and path integral];
Svesko & Zahariade JCAP(19)-a1812 [Hamiltonian analysis, constraints and degrees of freedom];
Coltman et al JCAP(19)-a1903 [cosmological consequences].
Vacuum Fluctuations
> s.a. correlations; fluctuations;
higher-order gravity; quantum-gravity
phenomenology; stochastic quantum mechanics.
* Zero-point fluctuations:
Those corresponding to the residual energy a field has in the vacuum state.
* Applications: They are used to
explain stability of atoms, Zitterbewegung, the Lamb shift, the Casimir effect
and force, shot noise, Vilenkin's universe from nothing, black-hole radiation;
They have been proposed as an explanation for the cosmological constant.
@ General references:
Reynaud et al CRAS(01)qp;
Santos qp/02 [reality];
Brustein & Oaknin PRD(03)ht/02 [pseudoclassical description].
@ And photon detectors, propagation: Santos qp/02;
Marshall & Santos a0707 [classical model];
Hugon & Kulikovskiy a2010
[virtual fermion pairs and speed of light fluctuations].
@ And atoms: NS(87)jul, NS(90)jul28 [stability];
Stenger et al PRL(99) [in Bose-Einstein condensates].
@ And decoherence: Santos PLA(94);
Ellis et al qp/97-conf;
Kim et al PRL(06) [dissipation, proposed experiment];
> s.a. models of decoherence; particle effects
[creation]; quantum field theory effects in curved spacetime [quantum radiation].
@ And gravity: Stefanski & Bedford AJP(94)jul;
Jaekel & Reynaud RPP(97)qp;
Modanese FPL(03)ht/00;
Rueda et al gq/01;
Caldwell ap/02 [and Casimir effect];
Jaekel et al NAR(02);
Padmanabhan IJMPD(06);
Onofrio IJMPA(10)-a1101 [and non-Newtonian microscopic gravity];
Carlip et al PRL(11)-a1103 [and small-scale structure];
Hollenstein et al PRD(12)-a1111 [in cosmology];
Burton a1203 [entropy maximization];
Arzano et al PRD-a1505
[in theories with deformed dispersion relations];
Calloni et al NIMA(15)-a1511 [Archimedes experiment];
> s.a. gravitating matter [electromagnetic radiation];
quantum equivalence principle; inertia.
@ In cosmology: Albareti et al IJMPD(14)-a1405-GRF [and large-scale structure formation];
Zerbini a1411-conf [as quantum spacetime probes];
Mohamadnejad a1709 [standard model vacuum].
@ Focusing: Ford & Svaiter PRA(00)qp,
PRA(02)qp [with mirrors].
@ Related topics: NS(89)dec2 [self-regenerating theory];
Kazakov JPA(06) [from quantum matter in an external electric field];
Nation et al RMP(12)-a1103 [amplifying in a superconducting circuit];
Brown et al PRD(15)-a1409 [vacuum entanglement and half of an empty cavity];
news sci(15)oct,
sd(15)oct [claimed observation];
De Lorenci & Ford PRD(17)-a1609 [classical enhancement];
Jones-Smith et al a1804 [vacuum radiation and forcing];
Camargo et al a1906,
Bessa & Rebouças a1910 [effects on the motion of test particles];
Lindel et al a2004 [detection].
> Related topics: see casimir
effect; decoherence; electrodynamics
[stochastic electrodynamics]; Heat Flow; quantum
particles; variation of constants.
Other Concepts / Effects > s.a. cosmological constant;
dispersion; phase transitions;
quantum fields in curved spacetime; radiation [pressure].
$ Vacuum persistence amplitude: The quantity
\(Z[J]:= \langle 0_+ \mid 0_- \rangle_J\) = ∫ \(\cal D\)φ exp{ i (S[φ] + J[φ])} .
* Sparking of the vacuum:
A non-perturbative QED effect in atomic physics; An atom with binding energy
for the lowest-lying electron orbit greater than \(2m_e c^2\), in a
supercritical electrostatic field, would find it convenient to create an
\(e^+ e^-\) pair and emit the positron; Such superheavy nuclei (\(Z > 173\))
do not exist, but the effect should show up as a Z-dependent and
not too narrow peak in the positron spectrum in heavy ion collisions.
@ General references: Weigert PLA(96) [squeezing and Casimir];
Pettorino & Vilkovisky AP(01) [vmax of sources];
Scandurra ht/01 [thermodynamics];
Kunhardt PhD(01)mp [massless particles and "infravacua"];
Feigel PRL(04) [motion from vacuum];
Smolyaninov PRL(11)
+ news pw(12)jan
[the vacuum as a metamaterial at very high magnetic fields];
Fulling et al JPA(12)-a1205 [wedges, cones, cosmic Strings and J S Dowker's contributions].
@ Entanglement harvesting:
Pozas-Kerstjens & Martín-Martínez PRD(15)-a1506 [and classical correlations to particle detectors];
Pozas-Kerstjens & Martín-Martínez PRD(16)-a1605 [with hydrogen-like atoms];
Pozas-Kerstjens et al PRD(17)-a1703 [degenerate detectors].
> Related topics:
see brownian motion; entanglement in quantum field theory;
Friction; photon phenomenology;
polarization [birefringence].
Vacuum in Specific Field Theories
> s.a. QCD; standard model.
* Quantum gravity: The natural
candidate for ground state of the equation Gab=
8πG \(\langle\)Tab\(\rangle\), flat
spacetime gab = ηab,
is not stable [may be false!]; The ground state for quantum gravity may not be a Gaussian centered
around Minkowski space; > s.a. spacetime foam.
@ QED: Marshall PRS(63);
Milonni PS(88),
94;
Hofmann et al OE(98)qp/97 [fluctuations];
Greiner & Schramm AJP(08)jun [RL];
Donaire PRA(11)-a1012 [complex medium];
Białynicki-Birula & Rudnicki PRD(11)-a1103 [in a uniform electric field];
Calloni et al a1511-conf [weighing the electromagnetic vacuum];
Mainland & Mulligan FP(20)-a1810,
JPCS(19)-a1812,
Hoffmann et al PRA(19)-a1901 [fluctuations and properties of the vacuum].
@ QED, stability: Azam ht/01 [and Landau pole];
Solomon Ap(06)ht/04;
Azam EJTP-a0806.
@ Quantum gravity: Horowitz in(81);
Penrose in(91);
Padmanabhan & Choudhury MPLA(00)gq;
Compère & Long JHEP(16)-a1601 [and the BMS supertranslation symmetry].
@ Other theories:
DeGrand et al NPB(97) [SU(2)];
Paniak et al NPB(97) [2D gauge theory];
Greensite et al PRD(11)-a1102 [Yang-Mills vacuum wavefunctional];
Krug a1404-PhD [3D Yang-Mills theory].
main page
– abbreviations
– journals – comments
– other sites – acknowledgements
send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 21 nov 2020