|  Cosmology in General Relativity | 
In General
  > s.a. cosmology; singularities.
  * Precursor: See E A Poe's
    1849 "Eureka" (big bang with periodic universe).
  * Result: It is a consequence
    of the singularity theorems that, if general relativity is correct, a couple
    of reasonable assumptions are satisfied, and there is as much matter as we
    see, there must have been a big bang.
  > Models: see modern
    cosmological models and general relativistic models.
Types of Systems and Effects > s.a. averaging in cosmology;
  collapse; test-body orbits;
  thermodynamics; time.
  * Isolated objects in cosmological backgrounds:
    The main models available are the Einstein-Straus ("swiss cheese") and McVittie ones; There 
    is no known exact solution that smoothly interpolates between a black hole and an expanding universe.
  @ Local effects:
    Anderson PRL(95) [multiparticle systems];
    Bonnor MNRAS(96);
    Cooperstock et al ApJ(98)ap;
    Bonnor GRG(00);
    Bolen et al CQG(01)gq/00 [precession in McVittie spacetime];
    Miller & Rouet PRE(02)ap/01 [on structure];
    Domínguez & Gaite EPL(01)ap;
    Aurell & Fanelli cm/01 [evolution of perturbations];
    Ellis NAR(02);
    Bel gq/03 ["osculating spacetime"];
    Mizony & Lachièze-Rey A&A(05)gq/04;
    Mashhoon et al CQG(07)-a0705 [tidal accelerations];
    Carrera & Giulini RMP(10)-a0810;
    Bochicchio & Faraoni GRG(12)-a1111 [Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi model];
    Lemos BJP(14)-a1307 [simple harmonic-oscillator model];
    > s.a. cosmological expansion;
      schwarzschild spacetime [McVittie solution].
  @ Other local systems:
    Bonnor CQG(99) [H atom];
    Matravers & Humphreys GRG(01)gq/00 [Einstein-de Sitter, collapsing dust];
    Dumin ap/02/A&A,
    Dvali et al PRD(03)hp/02 [Moon orbit];
    > s.a. gravitating bodies; lensing
      [models]; cosmological models [Einstein-Straus]; schwarzschild
      spacetime; Thomson Scattering.
  @ And gravitational waves: Abramo PRD(99)ap [energy density and p];
    Creighton gq/99.
  @ Isotropization: Lim et al PRD(04)gq/03;
    > s.a. bianchi models, type I,
      type IX  and other types.
  @ And entropy, thermodynamics: Barrow NA(99)ap;
    Valageas & Silk A&A(99)ap;
    Brustein PRL(00)gq/99;
    Moreschi gq/99;
    Barnich JHEP(12)-a1208 [3D asymptotically flat cosmological solutions].
  @ Structural stability, fragility:
    Tavakol & Ellis PLA(88);
    Coley & Tavakol GRG(92).
  @ Related topics: Barrow gq/97-proc,
    Barrow & Maartens PRD(99) [anisotropic stress];
    Jones gq/02/AN [and quantum cosmology];
    Ringström CMP(06) [future decay of curvature];
    Ballesteros & Bellazzini JCAP(13) [perfect fluids and effective field theories];
    Ringström 13 [topology and stability, r
      CQG+(15)].
  > Issues and effects:
    see cosmological geometry and topology; cosmological
    observations and perturbations; early-universe cosmology.
  > Concepts and techniques:
    see gödel solution [rotation]; gravitational
    thermodynamics; renormalization.
References > s.a. history of relativistic
  physics; physics [Higgledy-Piggledy, etc].
  @ Books, I: Sciama 71;
    Kaufmann 77;
    Weinberg 77;
    Preston 87;
    Parker 88;
    Trefil 88;
    Barrow 94;
    Rees 97.
  @ Texts: Eddington 33;
    Schrödinger 56;
    Bondi 68;
    Ryan 72;
    Zel'dovich  & Novikov 75;
    Walker 76;
    Landsberg & Evans 77;
    Heidmann 80;
    Raychaudhuri 80;
    Novikov 83;
    Narlikar 88;
    Berry 89;
    Dolgov et al 90;
    Islam 92;
    Raychaudhuri et al 92;
    Lachièze-Rey 95 [II];
    Rowan-Robinson 96;
    Hoyng 06 [I].
  @ Texts, III: Peebles 71;
    Weinberg 72;
    Börner 93;
    Peebles 93.
  @ Reviews: Freedman SA(92)nov;
    Steinhardt ap/95;
    Matarrese ap/96-proc;
    Peebles ap/98-proc,
    PASP(99)ap/98;
    Ellis & van Elst in(99)gq/98;
    Magueijo & Baskerville PTRS(99)ap;
    Ellis GRG(00) [status];
    Cotsakis proc(02)gq/01;
    Rebouças BJP(02)gq-talk;
    Wesson a1208 [pedagogical review];
    Coley & Ellis GRG-a1909.
  @ Texts, mathematical: Heller 92;
    Wainwright & Ellis ed-97.
  @ Reviews, emphasis on inflation: Ellis in(91);
    Kamionkowski Sci(98)ap;
    Turner ap/99-proc;
    > s.a. inflation.
  @ General references: Milne 51 [dR < c dt];
    Bergmann FP(70);
    Ellis in(71);
    Ellis & Sciama in(72)*;
    Sachs in(73);
    MacCallum in(75);
    Olivo-Melchiorri & Melchiorri RNC(85);
    Ford GRG(87) [Ω < 1 and future expansion];
    Jantzen PLB(87)gq/03;
    Lidsey GRG(93) [fragility and rigidity];
    Chiba & Takahashi PRD(07)ap [consistency relation, vs other theories];
    Barrow PRD(14)-a1401 [general description of cosmological model].
  @ Philosophical: Torretti in(79).
  @ Challenge to big bang: MNRAS 239(89)201 [comment
    Maddox Nat(89)aug];
    Narlikar NS(91)mar.
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