| Abbreviations used in References | |
| Book: | For books, only the 2-digit publication year nn is given; The full four-digit year is written if it is earlier than 1900. If the level of the book is specified, I = general readership; II = undergraduate level; III = graduate/research level. | 
| Article in a collection: | The generic abbreviation is "-in" [if I do not know the specific reference to the collection] or "in(nn)" , where nn is the publication year [if I do]. In specific types of collections of articles "in" in replaced by "proc" (conference proceedings), "conf" (contribution to conference, possibly without proceedings), "fs" (Festschrift), "ch" (chapter in a book). | 
| Journal paper: | XXX(nn), where XXX is an abbreviation for the journal name, and nn the publication year (four digits are used only for papers published before 1900). | 
| arXiv paper:[from March 2007 the format is just aYYMM] | xx/nn, where xx is an abbreviation for
        the arXiv name, for example ap = astro-ph, cd = chao-dyn, cm = cond-mat, gq = gr-qc, hl = hep-lat, hp = hep-ph, ht = hep-th, he or hx = hep-ex, mp = math-phy, nl = nlin, phy = physics, qp = quant-ph; and nn the year the paper appeared. When published, XXX(nn)xx/mm or in(nn)xx/mm (mm omitted if = nn) | 
| Other abbreviations: | ...-GRF = Gravity Research Foundation
        paper. ...-in = paper written for a collection, e.g., proceedings; ...-ln = paper from lecture notes; ...-rp = report; ...-wd = withdrawn paper. | 
| Abbreviations for
      Common Words and Expressions (most instances have been expanded out, and most abbreviations are being phased out) | |||
|  1-letter
        abbreviations for physical quantities: | |||
| B | magnetic field | m | mass | 
| E | electric field, or energy | p | momentum, proton | 
| e | electron (or unit of electric charge) | S | action, or entropy | 
| F | force, or gauge field strength | t | time | 
| L | angular momentum | T | temperature | 
|  2-letter abbreviations: | |||
| bc | boundary condition | nc | non-commutative | 
| bh | black hole | ns | neutron star | 
| cc | cosmological constant | pi | path integral | 
| cr | commutation relation | PN | Post-Newtonian | 
| CS | Chern-Simons (function/theory) | ps | phase space | 
| cy | century | qc | quantum cosmology | 
| dg | differential geometry | qg | quantum gravity | 
| dS | de Sitter space | qm | quantum mechanics | 
| ep | equivalence principle | sd | self-dual | 
| ev | expectation value | sn | supernova | 
| ft | field theory | up | uncertainty principle | 
| gt | gauge theory | vf | vector field | 
| id | identity | wf | wave function | 
| ir | infrared | wh | wormhole | 
| KG | Klein-Gordon (equation/theory) | YM | Yang-Mills (fields/theory) | 
|  3-letter abbreviations: | |||
| AdS | Anti-de Sitter space | lin | linear | 
| cft | conformal field theory | lqc | loop quantum cosmology | 
| cyl | cylinder, cylindrical | lqg | loop quantum gravity | 
| dof | degree of freedom | rep | representation | 
| gup | generalized uncertainty principle | rev | review | 
| Lag | Lagrangian | vev | vacuum expectation value | 
| Abbreviations: Symbols | |
| * | Indicates a generic comment. | 
| $ | Indicates a definition. | 
| @ | Indicates references. | 
| & | Indicates people who have worked on a subject, but with no specific reference. | 
| > | Indicates links to other pages. | 
main page
  – abbreviations – journals
  – comments – other sites
  – acknowledgements
  send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 10 jan 2014