Quantum
Black Holes| Quantum
Black Holes |
Approaches and Issues > s.a. canonical
quantum gravity models; collapse; quantum
cosmology [formation]; topology
change [unitarity].
@ Canonical: Gegenberg & Kunstatter PRD(93)
[spherical solutions of Wheeler-DeWitt equation];
Kuchar PRD(94)gq [Schwarzschild];
Pollock IJMPD(94);
Mäkelä gq/96 [Schwarzschild];
Kastrup
PLB(96)gq;
Moniz MPLA(97)gq [Reissner-Nordström];
Brotz PRD(98)gq/97;
Hollmann PLB(96)gq [Schwarzschild
and Taub-NUT,
group quantization];
Bojowald et al PRD(00)gq/99 [group];
Gour PRD(00)gq/99;
Vaz PRD(00)gq/99;
Casadio PLB(01)gq [evolution];
Husain & Winkler CQG(05)gq/04 [horizon
operators, spherical + scalar].
@ Pilot wave interpretation: Kenmoku et al PRD(98)gq/97 [spherical
symmetry], IJMPA(00)gq/98,
G&C(00)
[Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter]; Acacio de Barros et al PLA(05)
[+ massless scalar].
@ Horizon fluctuations: Lifschytz & Ortiz NPB(95)ht;
Sorkin gq/95-in,
gq/97-in;
Casher et al NPB(97)ht/96;
Marolf ht/03-in
[width]; Roura JPA(07);
> s.a. horizons.
@ Related topics: Buonanno et al NPB(95)gq [effective
Lagrangian]; David et al PLB(97)
[scattering]; Berezin NPPS(97)gq [sqrt
quantization]; 't Hooft gq/97 [complementarity];
Hsu PLB(02)gq [intrinsic P];
Flambaum gq/04 [particle
and radiation phenomena]; Bojowald et al PRL(05)gq [mass
threshold]; York & Schmekel
PRD(05)ht [path
integral,
and blurred horizons]; Kim et al a0709 [and
information].
> Related topics: see minisuperspace [Kantowski-Sachs];
quantum gravity phenomenology [singularities]; schwarzschild [corrections].
Area / Radiation Spectrum {& V Mukhanov, GE seminar 24.11.1995.}
* Discrete, equal spacing:
(Bekenstein & Mukhanov) A = 4
ln 2, where n is a principal quantum no, of degeneracy 
=
2 n–1 (from S 
ln and S = A/4),
so M n1/2;
Lifetime of a level 
3840 
–1 M ln2, 1;
(Hod) A = 4n
/ln3;
This kind of
spectrum is not consistent with loop quantum gravity.
@ Area quantization, quantum geometry: Louko & Mäkelä PRD(96)gq;
Hod PRL(98)gq;
Kastrup AdP(00)gq/99;
Ashtekar et al ATMP(00)gq/00 [isolated
horizons]; Khriplovich PLB(02)gq/01,
gq/02-in;
Kunstatter PRL(03)gq/02;
Abdalla et al MPLA(03)gq [quasi-extremal];
Gegenberg et al CQG(06)gq [midi-superspace
approach].
@ Spectrum: Jacobson PRD(91), PRD(93)ht;
Louko & Whiting CQG(92);
Loustó PLB(95)gq/94;
Maggiore NPB(94)gq;
Unruh PRD(95)gq/94 [acoustic
analogs]; Verlinde ht/95-in;
Krasnov CQG(99)gq/97;
Berezin et al PLB(99)gq/98,
G&C(99);
Berezin IJMPA(02)gq/01-in;
Khriplovich
gq/04-in
[and correspondence], IJMPD(05)
[and quasinormal modes]; Das et al CQG(05)ht/04 [rotating,
any D]; Setare ht/05-in;
Ansari NPB(07)ht/06,
Díaz-Polo & Fernández-Borja a0706 [lqg].
@ Continuous spectrum: Cavaglià et al IJMPD(95)gq/94,
IJMPD(96)gq/95;
Barreira et al GRG(96)gq;
Mäkelä PLB(97)gq/96;
Hollmann JMP(98)gq/96;
Nomura & Tamaki PRD(05)ht [+
non-linear electromagnetism].
@ Discrete: Bekenstein & Mukhanov PLB(95)gq;
Khriplovich PLB(98)gq [equidistant];
Hod GRG(99)gq/00;
Bekenstein in(02)ht/01;
Barvinsky et al FP(02)
[charged black holes]; Das et al MPLA(02)ht,
PLB(03)ht/02 [equivalence
of approaches]; Polychronakos PRD(04)ht/03 [equidistant];
Oppenheim PRD(04)gq/03
[and quasi-normal modes]; Gour & Suneeta
CQG(04)gq [different
spectra].
@ Other approaches: Bekenstein & Gour PRD(02)gq [eff];
Dolan JHEP(05)ht/04 [event
horizon as fuzzy sphere].
@ Schwarzschild: Kastrup ht/98 [higher-dimensional];
Oliveira-Neto PRD(98)
[Schwarzschild-de Sitter]; Böhmer
& Vandersloot a0709 [lqg,
interior and singularity].
@ Kerr: Setare & Vagenas MPLA(05)ht/04;
Vagenas a0804 [and quasinormal modes].
@ Kerr-Newman:
Mäkelä et al PRD(01);
Gour & Medved CQG(03).
@ Reissner-Nordström:
Kenmoku
et al
PRD(99)gq/98 [Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter];
Setare PRD(04)ht/03 [extremal,
and quasinormal modes];
Dappiaggi & Raschi IJMPD(06)gq/05 [AdS-RN].
@ Other types: Peleg PLB(95)
[dust]; Oda gq/97 [evaporating];
Kowalski-Glikman PLA(98)gq [asymptotically-AdS].
Radiation, Evaporating Black Holes > s.a. black
hole radiation.
* Remark: The results
from semiclassical gravity are indicative of an important feature of full quantum
gravity, and of a deep connection between quantum field theory, quantum gravity
and thermodynamics,
not yet understood; 1990, In particular, it is not clear whether a horizon
will form
in full quantum gravity as in the semiclassical theory, and where the radiation
comes from physically.
* Spectrum: A line spectrum
arises from transition between states, whose envelope is a (truncated) thermal
spectrum; Line width 
E –1 1/30
of the line spacing; The spectrum is truncated because quanta
that spend a long time near the horizon feel its quantum fluctuations.
* Rad and cutoffs: Radiation
seems not to be present if one puts a "hard" length
cutoff, but survives a "soft" one.
@ Reviews: Bekenstein gq/97-in,
in(00)gq/98.
@ General references: Farley & D'Eath gq/05,
gq/05 [late
time evaporation], CQG(05), gq/05 + gq/05,
AP(06)-a0708 [spin-1
and -2],
CQG(05)gq [spin-1/2
amplitudes], GRG(06)gq/05 [Vaidya
spacetime], gq/06,
CQG(07)-a0708 [ito
coherent and squeezed states]; Arzano MPLA(06), PLB(06)gq/05 [corrections
in tunneling framework]; Hod & Keshet PRD(06)
[selection rules]; Bonanno & Reuter PRD(06)ht [spacetime
structure of evaporating black hole]; Modesto gq/06 [lqg].
Entropy > s.a. black hole entropy [including
corrections];
black hole thermodynamics.
@ Reviews: Froov IJMPD(96); Majumdar Pra(00)ht-in.
@ In lqg, quantum geometry: Ashtekar et al PRL(98)gq/97;
Kaul & Majumdar
PLB(98);
Husain PRD(99)gq/98;
Rainer G&C(00);
Khriplovich PLB(02)gq/01;
Ashtekar & Corichi
CQG(03)gq [non-minimal
coupling]; Alekseev et al PRD(05)ht/04;
Corichi et al CQG(07)gq/06 [microscopic
black holes], PRL(07)gq/06 [equidistant S spectrum
with non-equidistant A spectrum]; Kloster et al CQG(08)-gq/07 [toroidal
black holes]; Corichi et al gq/07-in;
Sahlmann CQG(08)-a0709 [toy
model]; Agulló et al PRL(08),
PRD(08)-a0802;
Barbero & Villaseñor PRD(08)-a0805 [generating
functions].
@ Quasinormal modes: Dreyer PRL(03)gq/02 [and
Immirzi parameter], IJMPD(03)gq/04,
gq/04-in
[and quantum gravity]; Corichi PRD(03)gq/02.
@ Horizon states: Carlip gq/95,
gq/96-in;
Lifschytz & Ortiz NPB(97)ht/95;
Atzmon gq/96;
Rovelli PRL(96)gq,
HPA(96)gq;
Brown PRD(98)gq/97;
Alekseev et al PLB(03)ht/00;
Alexandrov gq/04 [in
lqg, counting]; Dreyer et al NPB(06)ht/04 [symmetries
and noisless subsystems]; Livine & Terno NPB(06)gq/05 [corrections
and entanglement]; Ghosh & Mitra PRD(06),
a0805 [lqg].
@ Related topics: Kastrup PLB(98)gq/97 [quantum
statistics interpretation]; Moffat ht/98; da Cruz ht/00 [fractal
stats]; Das et al a0708-in.
References > s.a. 2D quantum
gravity;
3D black holes;
coherent states; modified
uncertainty principle; semiclassical; time.
@ General: 't Hooft NPB(85), gq/94-in;
Brout et al PRP(95)-a0710;
Wu NCB(97) [in quantum cosmology]; Berezin
gq/98-in, gq/01-MG9,
IJMPA(02)gq/01;
Helfer IJMPD(04)gq/05,
gq/05 [general];
Ram3 gq/05 [simple];
Husain & Winkler gq/05-GRF
[effects of a curvature bound].
@ Reviews: Jacobson ht/95;
't Hooft IJMPA(96)gq;
Horowitz gq/97;
Kiefer gq/98-in, ap/02-in;
Wilczek IJMPA(98)-ln;
Berezin IJMPA(02)gq;
Khriplovich gq/05-in;
Bojowald gq/06-in,
IJMPD(06)gq-in.
@ Black hole pair creation: Brown PRD(95)
[instanton approximation, and entropy factor]; > s.a. instantons, wormholes.
@ Evolution: Strominger ht/94; Zhu CQG(05)gq/04 [from
lqg]; > s.a. formation.
@ And string theory: Horowitz gq/97;
Youm PRP(99)ht/97;
Khuri MPLA(98)
[polymers], NPB(01)ht [entropy
and horizon degrees of freedom]; Susskind & Lindesay
05; Mathur CQG(06)ht/05 [rev];
Horowitz a0708-in
[rev].
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Send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – Modified
4 jul 2008