In General > s.a. censorship; collapse [including
Hoop conjecture]; numerical simulations.
* Idea: If not primordial,
black holes form mainly by (i) Gravitational collapse of massive objects (e.g.,
stars, cores of dense star clusters or galaxies),
(ii) High density fluctuations in the early universe, or (iii) Possibly high-energy
processes, such as in accelerator or cosmic ray collisions.
* And observation: Results
show that, just like matter accreting onto a black hole is never actually seen
to cross the horizon because to an outside observer it would appear to take
an
infinite
time to do so, collapsing matter would also never be seen to form an event
horizon.
@ General references: Christodolou a0805 [general results, no small-data or
symmetry assumptions].
@ Growth: Ashtekar gq/03-in
[fluxes, theory].
@ And radiation: Mazur MPLA(89)gq/97;
Fredenhagen & Haag CMP(90);
Liberati
et
al PRD(00)gq [extremal
Reissner-Nordström].
In Astrophysics > s.a. phenomenology.
* Stellar collapse: Can
lead to a black hole for 2 MSun< M < 100 MSun,
since for M < 2 MSun it
stops at the neutron star stage, and heavier stars do not exist (unstable);
Black holes are more likely to form from stars with
low abundances of heavy elements, since high abundances are likely to give
supernova explosions with
large losses of mass.
@ Star collapse: Hartle in(73); Burrows PT(87)sep; Zampieri
et al ApJ(98)ap;
Fryer ApJ(99)ap [simulations,
various M's]; Ruffini et al PLB(03)ap [plasma
and charge].
@ Accretion: Lynden-Bell Nat(69)aug;
Chakrabarti PRP(96);
Park & Ostriker
ap/98-in;
Blandford ap/99-in;
Paczynski ap/00/ApJL.
@ Binary systems: Alvi & Liu GRG(02)gq/01 [tidally induced].
@ Microscopic: Barrau et al ApJ(05)ap
[and TeV-scale gravity].
@ From cosmic strings: Hawking PLB(89)
[collapse]; Hawking & Ross PRL(95)gq [breaking];
Russo JPA(07)
[collision].
Quantum Description > s.a. gravitational
collapse [including semiclassical]; quantum
cosmology; quantum gravity phenomenology.
@ References: Thirring PLB(83);
Daghigh et al gq/06 [real
scalar field collapse].
TeV-Scale Quantum Gravity / Brane World HEP > s.a. cosmic
rays.
* 2001: Suggestions
that black holes can be formed in the TeV realm of the LHC, or by cosmic rays.
* 2006: Suggestion that
black holes will not be formed in high numbers, otherwise we would have seen p decay.
@ HEP interactions: Dar et al PLB(99)
[strangelets]; Dimopoulos & Landsberg PRL(01)hp;
Landsberg PRL(02)hp/01;
Giddings & Thomas PRD(02)hp/01;
Casadio & Harms
IJMPA(02)ht/01;
Voloshin PLB(01)
[semiclassical suppression]; Eardley & Giddings
PRD(02)gq;
Giddings
ht/02-in,
GRG(02)ht;
Solodukhin PLB(02)hp [cross
sections]; Ida et al PRD(03)ht/02,
PRD(05)
[rotating]; Yoshino & Nambu PRD(03)ht/02 [grazing
collisions]; Cavaglià IJMPA(03)hp/02 [rev];
Ahn et al APP(05)hp/03 [air
showers]; Anchordoqui et al PLB(04)hp/03 [inelasticity];
Kanti IJMPA(04)hp [rev];
Giddings & Rychkov PRD(04)ht [and
wavepackets]; Yoshino & Rychkov PRD(05)ht [cross
sections]; Harris et al JHEP(05);
Cardoso et al CQG(05)hp;
Koch et al JHEP(05)hp,
Hossenfelder et al hp/05 [with
remnants]; Casanova & Spallucci CQG(06)
[decay, rev]; Cavaglià et al hp/06 [Monte
Carlo simulator]; Kaloper & Terning GRG(07)-a0705 [mechanism].
@ HEP, re disaster scenarios: Jaffe et al
RMP(00)hp/99;
Close
pw(07)aug;
Kapusta a0804-PiP;
news NYT(08)jun [CERN report].
@ HEP, at LHC:
Cavaglià et al CQG(03)hp;
Mocioiu et al PLB(03)
[hadrons]; Gingrich IJMPA(06)hp [cross
section], JHEP(07)
[and charged partons], JHEP(07)-a0706 [missing
energy], IJMPA(07);
Kanti
a0802-ln [rev]; Dvali
& Redi PRD(08); > s.a. electroweak
theory.
@ HEP, Gauss-Bonnet black holes: Barrau et al PLB(04);
Alexeyev et al G&C(05).
@ Cosmic rays: Anchordoqui et al PRD(02)hp/01,
hp/03-in,
PLB(04)hp/03 [bounds];
Giddings hp/01-in;
Feng & Shapere PRL(02)hp/01;
Ahn & Cavaglià IJMPD(03)hp; Ahn
et al PRD(03);
Stojkovic et al PRL(06)hp/05 [suppression,
and p decay]; Anchordoqui
et al PRD(07)
[and IceCube neutrino detector]; Cavaglià & Roy PRD(07)
[QCD and spin effects].
@ And higher-order gravity:
Rychkov PRD(04)hp;
Rizzo JHEP(05)hp.
@ Radiation and signatures: Cheung PRL(02);
Cavaglià PLB(03)hp;
Choudhury et al MPLA(04);
Stojkovic PRL(05)hp/04 [ADD
vs RS]; Alberghi et al hp/06;
Ida et al PRD(06)ht [rotating
black holes]; Alig et al JHEP(06)hp [QCD
effects].
@ String theory: Hewett et al PRL(05)hp [and
critical string theory]; Iengo & Russo JHEP(06)ht [fundamental
cosmic string collisions].
@ Related topics: Hsu PLB(03)hp/02 [path
integral, amplitude]; Hossenfelder PLB(04)ht,
MPLA(04)hp [and
minimal length]; Cavaglià & Das CQG(04)
[and thermodynamics]; Doukas et al MPLA(06)
[lepton number violation]; Abdalla et al JHEP(07)
[quasinormal mode characterization].
Main page – Abbreviations – Journals – Comments – Other
sites – Acknowledgements
Send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – Modified
21 jun 2008