|  Radiation | 
In General > s.a. gauge transformations.
  * History: XIX century pioneers of
    the study of electromagnetic radiation included Herschel, Melloni and Draper.
  @ General references:
    Dirac PRS(27) [emission and absorption, quantum];
    Heald & Marion 95;
    Kleppner PT(05)feb [Einstein's 1917 paper];
    Milonni PRP(76) [non-relativistic, semiclassical + QED aspects];
    Boyer AJP(11)nov [zero-point radiation and classical physics];
    Rovenchak & Krynytskyi AJP(18)oct [electromagnetic, beyond the dipole approximation].
  @ Observer dependence: Eriksen & Grøn AJP(87)apr [Lorentz-invariant];
    Nikolić gq/99 [classical and quantum];
    > s.a. quantum field theory effects in curved spacetime.
  @ Related topics: Schützhold et al PRA(98)qp [non-constant background, quantum];
    Serreau JHEP(04) [quantum, out of equilibrium];
    Chang & Leonelli SHPSA(05) [ontology, unified vs pluralistic theory];
    Chiarelli a1503 [for particles with rest mass].
   Non-electromagnetic types of radiation: see
    gravitational radiation; sound [acoustic radiation].
 Non-electromagnetic types of radiation: see
    gravitational radiation; sound [acoustic radiation].
Radiation Mechanisms > s.a. acceleration radiation [including Bremsstrahlung];
  casimir effect [dynamical]; Cerenkov Effect;
  thermal radiation.
  * Inhomogeneous media: Charged
    particles radiate when they propagate in inhomogeneous media, even at constant
    velocities; Examples are Ginzburg and Frank's transition radiation, by a particle
    crossing a boundary between materials with different indices of refraction, and
    diffraction radiation near finite-size objects.
  * Lilienfeld transition radiation:
    Radiation originating from the time rate of change of the virtual dipole between charged
    particles and their image charges that forms as the charged particles move near a conducting
    surface; Not to be confused with (Ginzburg and Frank) transition radiation.
  * Diffraction radiation: Electromagnetic
    radiation by a charge moving near a metallic grating; Similar in origin to Lilienfeld
    transition radiation.
  @ Particle + conductor radiation: Lilienfeld PZ(19),
    Rabinowitz PT(89)jun-phy/03 [Lilienfeld transition radiation];
    > s.a. branes [diffraction radiation].
  @ Related topics: Diedrich & Walther PRL(87) [resonance fluorescence of single ion].
  > Related topics: see gravitating
    objects and particles/fields; molecular physics;
    Spontaneous Emission; Stimulated Emission.
Interaction and Effects of Radiation > s.a. light.
  * Radiation pressure: Related
    to the energy density u by P = u/3.
  * Mössbauer effect: Recoilless
    emission/absorption of gamma rays by nuclei in solids, in which the whole bulk
    takes up the momentum so a negligible amount of energy is given to the solid
    and the photon energy actually is the transition energy; Applications:
    Used in spectroscopy, can be done when the photon energy is not too high (up
    to tens of keV, 57Fe with 14 keV works well)
    so that the process can actually be recoilless and not produce phonons; Ether
    drift experiments for special relativity, gravitational redshift.
  @ General references: Van Vleck & Huber RMP(77) [with atoms and molecules];
    Brivio et al RNC(00);
    Gabovich & Gabovich EJP(07) [mass of radiation in a cavity];
    Nikjoo et al 12 [interaction with matter];
    Leroy & Rancoita 16 [with matter, and detection].
  @ Mössbauer effect: Vandegrift & Fultz AJP(98)jul [from Schrödinger equation];
    Corda AP(15)-a1502 [in a rotating system, and general relativity].
  @ Radiation pressure: Wu & Ford PRD(01)qp/00 [vacuum fluctuations];
    Rothman & Boughn AJP(09)feb [argument];
    Mungan AJP(09)nov;
    Cataldo & García PLB(14)-a1405 [in 2+1 dimensions];
    Arya et al a2104 [situations with negative pressure].
  > Propagation effects:
    see Dichroism; diffraction;
    dispersion; Reflection;
    Refraction; wave phenomena [evanescent].
Radiation Damping, Radiation Reaction and All That > see arrow of time; self-force.
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