Magnetism| Magnetism |
In General > s.a. electromagnetism;
effects and phenomenology; history
of physics; matter in cosmology.
$ Magnetic Field: A
pseudo-vector defined, in 3D terms, or on a spacelike hypersurface
with unit normal na, by
B = 
× A, Bi
= 
ijk 
j Ak = 
ijk Fjk , or Ba:=
abcd nb Fcd =
abc Fcd .
* Ampère's law: In the SI system, and in the differential and integral forms, respectively,
× B = 
0 j + 00 (E/t) , 
C B ·
ds = 0 I + 00 (d/dt) S E ·
dA .
@ General references: Guimarães 05 [I]; Elliott PhyA(07) [history].
@ Ampère-Maxwell law: Heller AJP(92)jan;
Monsivais AJP(04)sep
[integral form, arbitrarily moving surfaces]; Manogue et al AJP(06)apr
[teaching].
Magnetic Dipole Moment > s.a. Gyromagnetic
Ratio; neutrino;
particles [e]; solutions
in general relativity; supersymmetry [muons].
* History: The electron
(or muon) magnetic moment has been used as a precise
check for QED predictions.
Magnetism in Matter > s.a. Faraday's
Law; Hysteresis; Magnon;
Susceptibility;
technology [magnets].
* Permeability: The second-rank
tensor (usually
identified with a
scalar)
such that B = H.
* Diamagnetism: The phenomenon in which the induced magnetism in a substance
tends to decrease the total magnetic field – atoms don't have a permanent dipole
moment, and the induced one opposes the external field.
* Ferromagnetism: An extreme
form of paramagnetism, occurring at T < TCurie,
which corresponds to a phase transition (not in the Ehrenfest classification);
Exhibited by, e.g., Fe and Ni; > s.a. ising
model; spin models.
* Paramagnetism: The phenomenon
in which the induced magnetism in a substance tends to enhance the total magnetic
field – the atoms have a permanent
magnetic
moment and try to line up with the external field.
* Measurement: Most sensitive
ones uses muon spin rotation; Other methods include SQUIDs [high sensitivity],
scanning Hall probe microscopes [high spatial resolution], and BECs [nT sensitivity,
3-micron resolution].
@ General references: Van Vleck RMP(78);
Mattis 81, 85; De Masi et al PRL(85)
[microscopic derivation]; Jiles 91; Craik
95; news PT(00)may,
news pw(07)mar
[ < 0];
Mattis 06; news pn(06)jul
[measuring with BECs]; news pw(07)feb
[phase transition near 0 K];
Majlis 07.
@ Ferromagnets:
Esposito AP(09)-a0805 [Majorana's
theory]; Katsnelson et al RMP(08)
[half-metallic].
@ Paramagnetism: Bethlem Phy(08) [and forces on atoms].
Magnetohydrodynamics: Plasma Physics > s.a. matter; photon;
QED [effects].
* Idea: The physics of
ionized plasmas, in which the magnetic field plays a major role in the fluid
dynamics.
* Quantum: The full kinetic model is provided by the Wigner equation, the quantum
analog of the Vlasov equation.
@ General references: Heyl & Hernquist PRD(99)ht/98 [QED
effects]; Van Putten JMP(02)ap/98 [covariant];
Manfredi qp/05-in
[quantum description].
@ Books:
Goldston & Rutherford 95; Davidson 01 [r PT(02)jan];
Boyd & Sanderson 02; Kulsrud 05 [for astrophysics, r PT(06)jan].
@ Turbulence: Berera & Hochberg cm/01 [and
renormalization]; Verma PRP(04);
Mac Low ap/04-in
[in star formation]; Zhou et al RMP(04)
[and time scales, astrophysics].
@ Ultrarelativistic:
Thompson & Blaes PRD(98);
Thoma ap/01-in,
RMP(09)
[finite-temperature, perturbative QED approach].
@ And particle acceleration: Spitkovsky a0802 [Fermi
mechanism].
@ In curved spacetime, and gravity: De Villiers & Hawley ap/02/ApJ
[general relativistic code]; Duez et al PRD(05)ap
[numerical methods], PRD(05)ap [and
gravitational waves]; Shibata & Sekiguchi PRD(05)ap
[full general relativity]; Noble et al ApJ(06)ap/05;
Neilsen et al CQG(06)gq/05 [and
black hole excision]; > s.a. gravitational
collapse, schwarzschild spacetime.
@ General-relativistic, numerical:
Giacomazzo & Rezzolla CQG(07)gq-in
[WhiskyMHD code]; De Villiers a0802 [code
with radiation]; Font LRR(08).
@ Related topics: Brown & Yaffe PRP(01)
[effective field theory]; Bekenstein & Oron PRE(00)ap/00,
FP(01)gq/00 [circulation
theorem]; Stone & Gardiner ap/05-in
[numerical scheme]; Brodin et al NJP(06)ap [electromagnetic
wave propagation and dispersion].
> Online resources:
see The Internet Plasma Physics Education Experience
website.
main page – abbreviations – journals – comments – other
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send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 29
sep 2009