Phenomenology of Higher-Order Gravity Theories| Phenomenology of Higher-Order Gravity Theories |
In General
> s.a. cosmology in higher-order theories.
* Key features: On cosmological scales
modified-gravity theories deviate from general relativity in that they can cause cosmic
acceleration without a physical, negative-pressure fluid, a gravitational slip between the
two metric potentials, and a propagation speed for gravitational waves that differs from
that of light.
* Stability: Certain f(R)
theories can stabilize solutions which are unstable in general relativity, such as the
Einstein static universe.
* Viability: Only the f(R)
models which have a built-in chameleon screening mechanism are viable.
@ Reviews and general references:
Capozziello & Francaviglia GRG(08);
Sotiriou JPCS(09)-a0810;
de la Cruz-Dombriz & Sáez-Gómez Ent(12)-a1207.
@ Stability: Schmidt PRD(94);
Ezawa et al CQG(99) [higher-dimensional, semiclassical];
Dolgov & Kawasaki ap/03 [R−1 theories];
De Felice et al JCAP(06)ap [superluminal mode propagation];
Faraoni PRD(06)ap,
Sotiriou PLB(07)gq/06,
Sawicki & Hu PRD(07)ap [\(f(R)\) theories];
Sokołowski CQG(07)gq [interpretation and viability];
Böhmer et al PRD(07)-a0706 [Einstein static universe];
Lee a0710;
Bertolami & Carvalho Sequeira PRD(09) [and energy conditions];
Saltas & Kunz PRD(11)-a1012 [and anisotropic stress];
> s.a. types of theories
[Hamiltonian perturbation theory; infinite-derivative gravity].
@ R−1 theories:
Flanagan PRL(04)ap/03,
Vollick CQG(04)gq/03,
Kremer & Alves PRD(04)gq [Palatini form];
Soussa & Woodard GRG(04)ap/03 [force of gravity];
Vollick PRD(05)gq/04 [with Dirac field];
Shao et al PLB(06)gq/05 [as correction term].
@ Other theories: Clifton & Barrow PRD(05)gq [R1+a Lagrangian];
Navarro & Van Acoleyen JCAP(06)ap [ln f(R), dark energy and MOND];
Olmo AIP(10)-a0910 [general, esp \(1/R\) and \(f(R) = R + R^2/R_{\rm P}^{~}\) theories].
@ Non-local theories: Koivisto PRD(08)-a0807 [newtonian limit];
> s.a. theories of gravitation.
Solutions > s.a. black-hole solutions;
schwarzschild spacetime; Universal Spacetimes.
* In general: All solutions of
the ordinary Einstein equation still extremize S, and there are other
solutions; However, if S does not include the usual R term,
the ordinary solutions do not couple to positive-definite matter sources.
* Features: In some theories,
torsion and its conjugate momentum play an important role.
* Results: Birkhoff's
theorem in general is not valid, but it is in some cases; There is massive
radiation (2 Yukawa potentials, 8 degrees of freedom, the usual spin-2 graviton,
a massive one – negative energy – and one scalar field); It is
claimed that in theories with purely quadratic terms in the action, the energy
is identically zero, but this seems strange (RDS).
@ Gravitational waves: Campanelli & Loustó PRD(96)gq/95 [shock waves];
de Rey et al CQG(03)gq,
CQG(03)gq,
CQG(04)gq/03;
Ananda et al PRD(08)-a0708 [4th-order gravity in FLRW models];
Corda & De Laurentis proc(08)-a0710 [\(R^{-1}\) theory];
Capozziello et al PLB(08)-a0812 [massive, and LISA];
Kausar et al PRD(16)-a1606,
Liang et al PRD(17)-a1701 [polarizations];
Moretti et al a1906
[f(R), gauge-invariant formalism];
> s.a. gravitational waves and background.
@ Cosmological solutions: Clifton & Barrow PRD(05)gq [Gödel, Einstein and de Sitter],
CQG(06) [Kasner-type],
CQG(06)gq [cosmological, 4th-order theories];
Goswami et al PRD(08)-a0804 [Einstein universes, 4th-order theories];
Hindmarsh & Saltas PRD(12) [f(R) gravity from the renormalization group];
> s.a. types of spacetimes [Einstein static universe].
@ Axisymmetric: Capozziello et al CQG(10)-a0912;
De Laurentis a1111;
Suvorov & Melatos PRD(16)-a1608 [Ernst formulation, and applications].
@ Solutions with symmetries:
Azadi et al PLB(08) [static cylindrically symmetric];
Sharif & Farasat Shamir MPLA(10) [plane-symmetric];
> s.a. spherical symmetry.
@ f(R) theories, gravitational collapse:
Cembranos et al JCAP(12)-a1201 [dust collapse];
Borison et al PRD(12),
Guo et al PRD(14)-a1312 [spherical scalar collapse];
Montes Núñez et al AIP(11)-a1210;
Astashenok et al IJGMP(19)-a1812 [spherical, \(R^2\) theories].
@ Other types of solutions: Campanelli et al PRD(94)gq [perturbative method];
Barraco & Hamity GRG(99)
[asymptotically flat, and general relativity solutions];
Mazharimousavi et al EPJC(12)-a1110 [f(R) theory with an electromagnetic field];
> s.a. Birkhoff's Theorem; Israel's Theorem;
Lichnerowicz Theorem; types of higher-order
theories [3D]; gödel solution; wormhole solutions.
Newtonian Limit
* Remark: Its existence cannot work as a selection
rule among metric f(R) theories, because it is implied by stability.
@ General references:
Quandt & Schmidt AN(91)gq/01;
Domínguez & Barraco PRD(04)gq [Palatini];
Capozziello gq/04-ch [rev];
Capozziello & Troisi PRD(05)ap [4th-order, PPN limit];
Sotiriou GRG(06)gq/05;
Bertolami et al PRD(07)-a0704 [extra force];
Capozziello et al PRD(07)-a0708;
Corda IJTP(08) [extra repulsive force];
Stabile PhD(08)-a0809;
Sokołowski APPB(08)-a0810 [and stability];
Capozziello et al MPLA(09)-a0901 [presence of Yukawa correction];
Capozziello & Stabile CQG(09)-a0903 [quadratic Lagrangians],
a1009 [fourth-order theories];
Capozziello et al PLB(10)-a1002 [compared to scalar-tensor gravity];
Brandhuber & Travaglini a1905 [particle scattering and bending];
Burzillà et al PRD-a2012 [fourth-derivative gravity],
a2012 [higher than fourth derivatives].
@ f(R) gravity:
Stabile & Capozziello a1010-proc;
Eingorn & Zhuk PRD(11)-a1104 [three and more spatial dimensions].
@ Newtonian limit, R−1:
Dick GRG(04)gq/03;
Rajaraman ap/03;
Navarro & Van Acoleyen PLB(05)gq [and acceleration];
Cembranos PRD(06)gq/05 [as limit at intermediate energy];
Navarro & Van Acoleyen JCAP(06)gq/05 [large distance].
@ Post-Newtonian framework:
Allemandi et al GRG(05);
Capozziello et al MPLA(06)gq [and experimental constraints];
De Laurentis et al AdP(10)-a0911 [and cosmological gravitational waves];
Capozziello et al IJTP(10)-a1001 [post-Minkowskian limit].
Other Phenomenology
> s.a. cosmology in higher-order theories [including cluster
density profiles]; phenomenology of gravity; tests of general relativity.
@ Galaxy rotation curves:
Capozziello et al PLA(04),
AIP(05)ap/04;
Frigerio & Salucci MNRAS(07)ap;
Harko PRD(10)-a1004;
Capozziello et al APP(13)-a1307 [hybrid metric-Palatini gravity];
Shojai & Shojai GRG(14) [f(R) gravity];
Salucci et al IJMPD(14)-a1405-GRF [Rn gravity].
@ Other galactic dynamics: Borka et al PRD(12) [\(R^n\) theories and precession of stellar orbits].
@ Solar system constraints: Olmo PRL(05)gq,
PRD(05)gq
+ gq,
Jin et al gq/06 [f(R)];
Faraoni PRD(06)gq;
Ruggiero & Iorio JCAP(07)gq/06 [planetary orbits];
Chiba et al PRD(07)ap/06;
Zakharov et al PRD(06);
Faulkner et al PRD(07)ap/06,
Saffari & Rahvar PRD(08)-a0708 [and cosmology];
Hu & Sawicki PRD(07)-a0705 [models that evade solar system tests];
Allemandi & Ruggiero GRG(07);
Bertolami & Páramos PRD(08)-a0709;
Iorio & Ruggiero SRE(08)-a0711;
Capozziello & Tsujikawa PRD(08)-a0712;
De Felice & Tsujikawa PRD(09)-a0907;
Bisabr PLB(10)-a0907;
Näf & Jetzer PRD(10)-a1004 [1/c expansion];
Bisabr G&C(10)-a1005 [power-law f(R) theories];
Faraoni PRD(11)-a1106 [\(R^n\) theories severely constrained];
Guo IJMPD(14)-a1306 [f(R) theories];
Xie & Deng MNRAS(13)-a1312 [f(R) theories];
Schärer et al PRD(14)-a1410 [tests in Earth orbit];
Bonino et al a2011;
> s.a. gravity tests with orbits.
@ Solar system constraints, R−1:
Erickcek et al PRD(06)ap [theory ruled out];
Exirifard a0810 [theory not ruled out].
@ Stars, astrophysics: Kainulainen et al PRD(07)-gq/06;
Bustelo & Barraco CQG(07)gq/06;
Henttunen et al PRD(08)-a0705;
Capozziello et al PRD(11)-a1101
[f(R), hydrostatic equilibrium and stellar structure];
Goswami et al PRD(14)-a1409 [collapsing spherical stars];
> s.a. gravitating bodies; neutron stars.
@ Cosmological scales: Boubekeur et al PRD(14)-a1407 [clustering];
de Martino et al Univ(15)-a1507,
Achitouv et al PRD(16)-a1511 [large-scale structure, halos];
Capozziello et al MNRAS-a1711 [clustering].
@ Propagating degrees of freedom: Magnano & Sokołowski AP(03)gq/02 [massive spin-2 field generated];
Núñez & Solganik PLB(05)ht/04
[IR modifications not viable, ghosts or light gravity scalars];
Capozziello et al MPLA(07) [gravitational-wave background];
De Laurentis et al MPLA(12)-a1206 [massive ghost modes and gravitational Cherenkov radiation];
Myung a1608
[polarization modes of gravitational waves in f(R) gravity];
Bueno et al PRD(17)-a1610.
@ Related topics: Accioly et al NCB(00),
Accioly & Blas PRD(01)gq [light deflection, quadratic];
Gabadadze & Iglesias PLB(06) [precession];
Li et al CQG(09)-a0801 [indistinguishable macroscopic behavior];
Bisabr PLB(10)-a1003 [and time variation of α];
Morais et al JCAP(15)-a1507 [f(R) gravity and observed radiation];
Giacchini a1612-MG14
[R2 and
\(R_{ab}^2\) theories, short-range laboratory experiments].
> Related topics:
see black-hole formation and laws;
causality violation; Chameleon Field;
energy [virial theorem]; energy conditions;
equivalence principle; gravitating bodies
[including two-body systems]; gravitational radiation;
singularities and types of singularities
[isotropic, naked]; thermodynamics.
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