Neutron
Stars| Neutron
Stars |
In General > s.a. astrophysics; matter.
* Idea: Proposed by Zwicky
in 1934; Thought to be the most compact form of matter other than black holes.
* Formation: As a result of supernova explosions; In some cases, a
pulsar results.
* With hyperons: At the
high-density end, some matter may be in the form of hyperons; At higher densities,
baryons melt into a quark plasma.
@ General references: Hartle & Thorne ApJ(68),
ApJ(69); Hartle ApJ(70), PRP(78);
Burrows PT(87)sep
[birth]; Ipser & Lindblom PRL(89);
Kutschera APPB(98)ap-ln;
Bildsten & Strohmayer PT(99)feb;
Bignami pw(03)sep
[and X-ray astronomy]; Silbar & Reddy AJP(04)jul-nt/03;
Lattimer & Prakash
Sci(04)ap [rev];
Chamel
& Haensel LRR(08)-a0812 [neutron
star crusts]; Lai et al a0902-rp; > s.a. QCD.
@ Models: Friedman et al ApJ(86); Berti
et al MNRAS(05)
[rotating, comparisons]; Sagert et al EJP(06)ap/05
[equation of state, masses, radii]; Carter et al GRG(06)gq/05 [dynamics
of (magneto)-elastic solid]; van den Heuvel AIP(07)-a0704
[two different formation mechanisms]; Piekarewicz AIP(09)-a0901
[nuclear physics]; Ozel & Psaltis a0905/PRD
[equation of state and astrophysical observations]; Marranghello et al JPCS-a0910 [collapse from hadron-quark phase transition]; > s.a. modified
lorentz group.
@ Binaries: Piran SA(95)may; > s.a. computational
physics [astrophysics].
@ Hyperon content:
Lackey
et al PRD(06)ap/05;
Weber & Rosenfield ap/07-in.
@ Related topics: Friedman & Ipser ApJ(87)
[maximum mass]; Sedrakian et al MNRAS(97)ap [superconductivity];
Ferrari & Kokkotas PRD(00)gq [particle
scattering]; Chakrabarty ASS(07)ap/06 [upper
limit on B field strength]; > s.a. modified
newtonian dynamics [in TeVeS].
Pulsars > s.a. tests of
general relativity with orbits.
* History: The first
one was observed in 1967 (1.337 sec); About 500 known by 1990, about 1800
by 2008.
* Idea: Fast rotating
neutron stars, in which a magnetic field channels their radiation into a beam,
producing a "lighthouse effect" that
is observed as pulsed radiation.
* Binary pulsars: The
system discovered by Taylor & Hulse led to the first confirmation of energy
loss by gravitational wave emission; New system discovered in 2003,
J0737–3039, has 2 pulsars, a shorter orbital period and orbital diameter
700,000 km, and a periastron advance of 17º/yr, the largest observed, and provides
the best test so
far
of general relativity predictions [@ news
S&T(05)mar].
* Note: The 0.5 ms pulsar
thought to have been observed as a remnant of SN 1987A turned out not to be
there [@ news Sci(90)feb;
Nat(91)feb].
@
General references: ter Haar PRP(72);
Shaham SA(87)feb; Lorimer PW(96);
issue Nat(04)apr;
Cordes et al NAR(04)ap/05 [and
SKA results]; Lyne & Kramer pw(05)mar,
news Nat(06)sep
[and tests of general relativity]; Kadomsev & Nomerotsky 09.
@ msec pulsars: Backer et al Nat(82)dec;
Backer & Kulkarni PT(90)mar;
Rech(91)jul/aug; Lorimer LRR(01)–LRR(05)–LRR(08);
Kiziltan & Thorsett AIP-a0905 [and low-mass X-ray binaries].
@ Binary pulsar: (and tests of general relativity) Kleppner PT(93)apr;
Taylor RMP(94)
[Nobel lecture]; Freire et al MNRAS(01)ap/00 [orbit];
van Straten et al Nat(01)ap;
Stairs LRR(03)
[timing]; Kramer et al ap/05-in,
news pw(06)sep;
Kramer et al CQG(09) [rev].
@ Equation of state: Friedman, Ipser & Parker PRL(89);
Shapiro et al Nat(89)aug,
Haensel & Zdunik Nat(89)aug [msec pulsar]; Lattimer & Schutz ApJ(05)ap/04
[double
pulsar and moment of inertia].
@ Related topics: Dong
a0812 [and navigation
systems]; > s.a. gravitational
radiation, background and sources; tests
of lorentz symmetry.
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send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified
8 oct 2009