Gravitational Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics  

Statistical Mechanics > s.a. horizons; phenomenology of gravity; statistical mechanics.
@ N-body systems: Padmanabhan PRP(90); Zaslavskii PLA(91); Hut ap/97-in; El-Zant PRE(98)ap [simulations]; de Vega et al CSF(99)ap/98, & Sánchez PLB(00)ht/99, NPB(02)ap/01, NPB(02)ap/01; Morikawa G&C(00); Cipriani & Pettini ASS(03)ap/01 [chaos and statistical mechanics]; Katz FP(03)ap/02 [intro]; Laliena NPB(03)ap, NPB(05)ap/03; Fischer ap/03/A&A [thermal equilibrium]; Velázquez & Guzmán ap/03 [thermodynamic limit].
@ Black holes: Braden et al PRD(90); Harms & Leblanc PRD(92), PRD(93); Krasnov GRG(98)gq/96 [quantum]; Gour PRD(00)gq/99; Kan et al PRD(01)gq [BPS black holes]; Chevalier et al PhyA(07); > s.a. black hole thermodynamics and specific black holes.
@ Radiation in cavity: Katz & Okuta CQG(95), Parentani et al CQG(95) [with black hole]; Padmanabhan & Singh CQG(03) [equilibrium].
@ Cluster expansion method: Iguchi et al PLA(99)ap/98.
@ Quantum: Major & Setter CQG(01)gq [spin networks].
@ Related topics: Kholodenko JGP(01) [2+1 gravity]; Aros PRD(06) [first-order gravity, boundary conditions].

Thermodynamics > s.a. laws of black hole dynamics; quasilocal general relativity; thermodynamics and modified thermodynamics.
* Stability: Systems of infinite spatial extent at fixed temperature are thermodynamically unstable.
* Remark: Results are independent of a change in the canonical momenta by addition of boundary terms in the action.
@ And Einstein's equation: Jacobson PRL(95)gq [Einstein equation as equation of state]; Oppenheim PRD(02)gq/01 [V vs A-scaling], gq/01; Padmanabhan MPLA(02)ht, ASS(03)gq/02; Padmanabhan & Patel ht/03, gq/03 [semiclassical gravity and horizons]; Eling et al PRL(06)gq [non-equilibrium]; Mäkelä & Peltola gq/06; Kothawala et al PLB(07)gq; Padmanabhan & Paranjape PRD(07)gq [from entropy of null surfaces]; Öttinger PhyA(08) [non-equilibrium thermodynamics].
@ Other theories: Paranjape et al PRD(06)ht/06 [Lanczos-Lovelock gravity]; Akbar & Cai PLB(07)gq/06, Elizalde & Silva a0804 [f(R) gravity].
@ In cosmology: Cai & Kim JHEP(05)ht [first law in FRW models and Friedmann equation]; Izquierdo & Pavón PLB(06) [black holes and phantom-dominated universes]; Lima et al a0708 [and particle creation]; > s.a. friedmann equation.
@ Related topics: Chardin in(02)-a0804 [and C, P, T symmetries]; > s.a. action for general relativity.

Entropy > s.a. black hole entropy and thermodynamics; de sitter; decoherence; lanczos potential; particle effects; spacetime foam.
* Goals: (i) Give a thermodynamical meaning to particle creation in gravitational fields; (ii) Generalize the second law to cosmology; (iii) Define an entropy for the gravitational field (Penrose: square of the Weyl tensor).
* Hints: One can define an entropy in ways that seem to be related to a gravitational arrow of time, e.g., one related to particle production, by using the Weyl tensor, or one related to inhomogeneity and clustering.
@ General references: Tolman PR(30); Davies 74, in(81); Davies et al PRD(86); Marolf et al PRD(04)ht/03 [observer dependence].
@ Weyl tensor: Penrose in(79); Smolin GRG(85) [matter to gravitational radiation]; Husain PRD(88); Pelavas & Lake PRD(00)gq/98 [self-similar spacetimes]; Grøn & Hervik gq/02; Amarzguioui & Grøn PRD(05)gq/04 [collapsing matter]; Rudjord et al PS(08) [and black holes].
@ And particle creation: Hu PLA(83), & Kandrup PRD(87); Kandrup IJTP(88); Prigogine et al PNAS(88); Nesteruk pr(91); Rau ht/94.
@ And cosmology: Frautschi Sci(82)aug; Gibbons NPB(87), NPB(88); Prigogine IJTP(89); Prigogine et al GRG(89); Brandenberger et al PRD(93) [density perturbations in inflation]; Barrow NA(99)ap; Grøn & Hervik CQG(01)gq/00 [Bianchi I]; Obregón et al PRD(03)ht [from Cardy-Verlinde formula]; Pelavas & Coley IJTP(06)gq/04 [Szekeres & Bianchi VIh]; Nielsen & Ninomiya IJMPA(06)ht [and periodic universe]; Hernández & Quevedo GRG(07)gq [Bianchi I and V, and Cardy-Verlinde]; > s.a. acceleration.
@ And quantum gravity: Kandrup CQG(88) [second law and quantum cosmology]; Garattini PLB(99)ht [spacetime foam]; Balasubramanian et al JHEP(07)-a0705 [AdS-cft and half-BPS universes]; Livine & Terno NPB(08)-a0706 [lqg, bulk entropy and holographic regime]; Fursaev PRD(08) [entanglement entropy]; Kothawala et al a0807 [quantization, various gravity theories]; > s.a. entropy in quantum theory.
@ Phase space approach: Rothman & Anninos PLA(97), PRD(97)gq/96; Rothman GRG(00)gq/99.
@ Noether approach: Fatibene et al AP(00)gq/99 [and Taub-Bolt]; Garfinkle & Mann CQG(00)gq [and Taub-Bolt].
@ Upper bound: Bousso JHEP(99)ht [conjecture]; Flanagan et al PRD(00)ht/99; Low CQG(02)gq/01; Frampton & Kephart JCAP(08)-a0711 [and dark matter].
@ Covariant, geometrical meaning: Hawking & Hunter PRD(99)ht/98; Lowe JHEP(99)ht; Mäkelä gq/05 [arbitrary spacelike 2-surface].
@ And topology: Liberati & Pollifrone NPPS(97)ht/95 [manifolds with boundary, mathematical].
@ And boundaries / horizons: Krasnov PRD(97)gq/96 [lqg]; Carlip CQG(99)gq; Brustein PRL(01)ht/00 [causal horizon in FRW models]; Mäkelä & Peltola gq/02 [Rindler]; Padmanabhan CQG(02)gq, GRG(02)gq [spherical symmetry], CQG(04)gq/03 [and density of states]; Chatterjee & Majumdar Pra(04)gq-in; Mäkelä & Peltola gq/04 [spacelike 2-surfaces].

References > s.a. [general relativity]; quantum field theory in curved spacetime [correlation dynamics]; statistical mechanics.
@ General: Padmanabhan PRD(99)ht/98 [from general properties of black holes]; Rovelli CQG(93), CQG(93); Wald CQG(99)gq [rev]; Mann FP(03)gq/02 ["gravitational heat"]; Padmanabhan a0706-in [gravity as emergent, conceptual].
@ Time and thermodynamics: Connes & Rovelli CQG(94)gq; Tiwari gq/06 [unimodular theory, and cosmological constant fluctuations].
@ Quasilocal: Brown et al CQG(90); York in(91); Brown & York PRD(93), gq/93, gq/93 [microcanonical]; Martinez PRD(96)gq, PRD(96)gq; Creighton gq/96-PhD [including dilaton and gauge theory]; Ho et al CQG(98)gq/97 [duality].
@ Density of states: Braden, Whiting & York PRD(87).
@ Related topics: Balachandran et al NPB(96)gq/94 [edge states]; Mensky PLA(03) ["universal scheme"]; von Borzeszkowski & Chrobok FP(03) [no thermodynamical degrees of freedom].

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