Reference Frames| Reference Frames |
In General
> s.a. coordinate systems; Covariance;
Frame [more mathematical]; Observer;
Relativity; tetrads.
* Idea: A smooth atlas on the
spacetime manifold; In classical non-relativistic mechanics, a reference frame
can be seen as a connection on a configuration space fibered over the time axis.
* Inertial: One in which the
components of the spacetime metric are constants, usually taken to be an
orthonormal set of coordinates, for which the metric is diag(−1, 1, ..., 1);
The cornerstone of Newtonian mechanics; Transformations between inertial frames
form the Poincaré group; > s.a. inertia;
mach's principle.
* Rest frame: The reference frame
in which the center of mass for a system is at rest; > s.a. Wikipedia
page.
@ General references: Arminjon & Reifler IJGMP(11)-a1003 [formal definition].
@ Rest frame for a system: Arnold et al JHEP(14)-a1408 [absence in far-from-equilibrium quantum matter].
@ Inertial frames:
Stephens FPL(96) [in quantum field theory];
Rodrigues & Sharif FP(01) [in general relativity, and local Lorentz invariance];
Smolin a1007
[limitations of the concept in non-commutative spacetime];
Baccetti et al a1302-MG13 [with Lorentz-symmetry breaking];
Saunders PhSc(13) [role in Newton's theory of motion];
Shojai & Shojai AJP(15)-a1505 [in general relativity, and the equivalence principle];
Čulina a2103.
@ Quantum reference frames: Giacomini et al nComm(19)-a1712 [and the covariance of physical laws];
Smolin a2007 [and triality];
Ballesteros et al a2012 [dynamical transformations];
Giacomini a2101 [and covariant formulation of physical laws].
@ Related topics: Meli HSPS(93) [history];
Bel gq/00 [rotation along a world-line];
Dickson SHPMP(04) [and uncertainty relations];
Llosa & Soler CQG(04) [geometric structure, and rigid motion];
Rosinger qp/05
[covariance of physical laws, general relativity and unification];
Marmo & Preziosi IJGMP(06) [coordinate-free formulation];
Jennings PRA(11)-a1011 [optimal primitive reference frames and quantum information];
> s.a. Aberration; locality.
@ In Newtonian spacetime: Coll et al a0707
→ FP(09),
PRD(09) [four causal classes];
> s.a. (post-)newtonian gravity.
@ Practical realizations: Malkin IAU(12)-a1311 [relating the international celestial and terrestrial reference frames];
Berceau et al CQG(16)-a1512 [high-performance space-time reference with an orbiting clock].
@ Preferred reference frames: Perez a1405-FQXi;
> s.a. standard cosmological model;
violations of lorentz symmetry.
> In other mechanical theories:
see astronomy; kinematics of special
relativity; relativistic quantum mechanics.
> In specific field theories:
see canonical general relativity [material reference systems];
electromagnetism; types of field theories [non-local].
Accelerated / Non-Inertial Frames > s.a. lorentz group [representations];
poincaré group; unruh effect.
* Effects: In an accelerated frame
Newton's first law does not hold, so fictitious inertial forces appear; In special
relativity (Minkowski space) an observer in such a frame sees a causal horizon, and
the inertial quantum vacuum is seen as a thermal state (this is known as the Unruh
effect); > s.a. rindler space.
@ General references:
Padmanabhan ASS(82) [definition of particle];
Mashhoon PRA(93) [general theory];
Marzlin PLA(96);
Chicone & Mashhoon AdP(02)gq/01 [kinetic and dynamic memory];
Mashhoon in(03)gq,
IJMPD(05) [non-locality];
Semay EJP(06) [constant proper acceleration];
Sardanashvily a0708
[non-relativistic mechanics in arbitrary frames, inertial forces, etc];
Mashhoon AdP(08)-a0805 [non-local];
Semon et al AJP(09)may
[and the transition from special to general relativity];
Boyer FP(13)-a1204 [contrasting classical and quantum vacuum states];
Martín-Martínez et al PRA(12)-a1204 [fundamental limitations to information transfer].
@ Uniformly accelerated: Desloge AJP(89)dec [non-equivalent to uniform gravitational field];
Muñoz & Jones AJP(10)-a1003 [equivalent even in a relativistic context];
Friedman & Scarr PS(13)-a1404 [spacetime transformations];
Llosa a1507
[coordinate transformation laws and infinitesimal generators];
> s.a. non-commutative geometry.
@ Relativistic:
Mitskevich 05 [relativistic physics in arbitrary frames];
Turyshev et al JMP(12)-a1109 [relativistic, in Minkowski space];
Lusanna LNP-a1310 [in special and general relativity];
> s.a. special-relativistic kinematics.
@ Rotating frames: Strauss IJTP(74);
Grøn IJTP(77);
Strauss IJTP(79);
McFarlane IJTP(81) [appearance of a corotating disk];
Weber AJP(97)jun,
Tartaglia FPL(99)phy/98 [rotating disk and Ehrenfest paradox];
Bashkov & Malakhaltsev gq/01;
Klauber gq/01 [frequency and wavelength of light];
Rodrigues & Sharif FP(01) [and the Sagnac effect];
Peres gq/04|AJP [Ehrenfest paradox];
Dieks in(04)-a1001 [coordinates and spacetime measurements];
Mashhoon PRA(09)-a0903 [electromagnetic waves];
Kassner AJP(12)sep-a1109;
Bel a1112 [uniformly rotating];
Kassner AJP(12)dec-a1302 [anisotropic one-way speeds of light, resolving Selleri's paradox];
Manjarres et al AJP(13)aug [work and energy];
> s.a. Mössbauer Effect; rotation;
Sagnac Effect.
@ In quantum mechanics: Mensky TMP(98)gq/97 [thermal particles and Unruh effect];
Angelo & Ribeiro JPA(12);
Klink & Wickramasekara AP(14)
[violations of the non-relativistic equivalence principle];
Vanrietvelde et al a1809 [quantum reference frames and relativistic physics];
Höhn Univ(19)-a1811 [and general covariance];
> s.a. entanglement phenomenology [frame dependence].
@ In field theories: Lynden-Bell et al AP(99) [gravity and electromagnetism];
Lusanna a0707-conf
[in general relativity, observables and constraints];
Lenz a0808 [gauge fields];
Maluf & Ulhoa AdP(10)-a1009 [electrodynamics];
Banks & Fischler a1301 [holographic spacetime formalism, and effective field theory];
Boyer FP(13) [stochastic electrodynamics vs QED];
Lynch a1504-GRF [acceleration-induced particle physics processes];
Dasgupta a1508 [quantum field theory].
> Related topics: see newton-cartan theory;
quantum field theory effects [negative energies]; Saha Equation;
thermal radiation.
Related Concepts
* Quasilocal frame: A choice of a two-parameter
family of timelike worldlines comprising the worldtube boundary of the history of a finite spatial volume.
main page
– abbreviations
– journals – comments
– other sites – acknowledgements
send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 29 mar 2021