|  Entanglement Phenomenology | 
Effects and Uses of Entanglement in General > s.a. pilot-wave
  interpretation [entanglement exchange]; statistical mechanics [equilibrium].
  * Applications: Entanglement is considered as a
    key quantity for the understanding of correlations, transport properties, and phase transitions
    in composite quantum systems; Entanglement of large objects enables "bulk" properties,
    like collective spin, to be "teleported," and is needed for quantum computers.
  * Measuring entanglement: In an experiment the only way
    of measuring entanglement in a generic mixed state is through reconstructive quantum tomography.
  @ Applications: Tichy et al JPB(11)-a1012 [atomic and molecular physics];
    Cuffaro a1112 [quantum computational speedup];
    > s.a. neutrinos; Polymers;
      quantum-gravity phenomenology; quantum phase
      transitions; quantum computing and technology;
    superluminal communication.
  @ Detection: Chu gq/98;
    Herbut qp/03;
    Gühne & Tóth PRP(09);
    Streltsov et al PRA(11)-a1104 [easily implementable algorithm];
    Oszmaniec & Kuś PRA(13)-a1306 [universal framework];
    Lawson et al PRA(14)-a1407 [without reference frames];
    Kupczynski IJQI-a1602-proc [operational approach];
    Baccari et al PRX(17) [multipartite systems];
    Gray et al PRL(18)-a1709 [measurement, operational];
    Samuel et al a1712 [2 qubits];
    > s.a. measurement [role of entanglement].
  @ Measurement, specific systems: Kindermann PRL(06) [many-fermion systems, experimentally accessible];
    Brida et al PRL(10)-a0907 [photon states];
    Fukuhara et al PRL(15) [individual atoms in an optical lattice];
    Pan et al PRL(19) [photon pair, non-local state].
  @ Naked-eye detection: Brunner PRA(08);
    news SA(10)jun;
    Caprara Vivoli et al Opt-a1602.
  @ Scales, entanglement renormalization: Cincio et al PRL(08) [2D Ising model];
    Evenbly PhD(10)-a1109 [foundations and applications];
    Swingle JSM(14)-a1307;
    Akkelin & Sinyukov PRC(14)-a1403 [entanglement of scales, and decoherence];
    Xiao a1711 [maximum distance];
    Milsted & Vidal a1812 [MERA, geometric interpretation].
  @ Distillation of entanglement: Horodecki3
    PRL(00) [and irreversibility];
    Lamata et al PRL(06)qp/05 [Lorentz invariance].
  @ Entanglement percolation in a network: Acin et al nPhys(07);
    Broadfoot et al EPL(09)-a0906 [in quantum networks];
    Cuquet & Calsamiglia PRL(09)-a0906 [complex quantum network];
    Leverrier & García-Patrón PRA(11).
  @ Entanglement swapping: Branciard et al PRL(10)-a0911 [and non-local correlations];
    Ma et al nPhys(12)apr
    + news at(12)apr [delayed-choice];
    Takeda et al PRL(14)-a1411 [between discrete and continuous variables].
  @ Gravitational effects: von Borzeszkowski & Mensky PLA(01)gq;
    Bruschi PLB(16)-a1412;
    Tian et al SRep(16)-a1605 [detecting curvature];
    news pw(18)may [proposal to send entangled photons to the ISS];
    > s.a. entanglement in field theory [including cosmology].
  @ Experiments, tests:
    Fedrizzi et al PRL(13),
    Vollmer et al PRL(13),
    Peuntinger et al PRL(13) [experimental entanglement distribution];
    news pt(17jun
      [photons beamed by satellite to stations 1200 km apart];
    Fröwis et al nComm(17)oct
    + news cosmos(17)oct [millions of entangled atoms in a solid].
  @ Other effects:
    Klyachko & Shumovsky qp/03 [fluctuations];
    Khasin & Kosloff PRA(05)qp [T-dependence];
    Jordan et al PRA(07)-a0704 [manipulating entanglement];
    Bhatt et al PRA(08)-a0704 [sub-Planck structure in phase space];
    Lee et al JKPS(15)-a1002 [quantum entanglement force, and gravity];
    Cai et al PRL(10)
    + news po(10)jun [and animals' chemical compasses];
    Azimi Mousolou et al PRA(11)-a1103,
    Sandhya & Banerjee EPJD(12)-a1103 [and geometric phase, non-Abelian holonomies];
    Gabbrielli et al sRep(18)-a1805 [at finite temperature].
  > Related topics:
    see composite quantum systems [identical atoms];
    correlations; cosmological constant;
    Mean-Field Theory; time in quantum theory.
Dynamics of Entanglement > s.a. entangled systems [systems that
  never interacted]; quantum statistical mechanics [entanglement thermodynamics].
  * Generation of entanglement:
    Any interaction between two systems that  begin in definite states generically
    leaves the composite system in a superposition of product states.
  * Loss of entanglement:
    Entanglement can be lost by decoherence in open quantum systems.
  @ General references: Życzkowski et al PRA(02)qp/00;
    Zanardi PRA(01) [entanglement of evolution];
    Giovannetti et al EPL(03)qp/02;
    Doronin PRA(03)qp;
    Suarez qp/03 [no time flow];
    Durt qp/04 [and interactions];
    Ghose & Sanders PRA(04)qp [chaotic systems];
    Viguie et al NJP(05)qp [work extraction];
    Batle et al PRA(05)qp [and speed of evolution];
    Dahlsten et al JPA(07)qp [emergence in 2-party random process];
    Lin & Hu PRD(09)-a0812 [field theory perspective];
    Sciarrino et al PRA(09)-a0907 [entanglement localization];
    news physorg(13)oct [entanglement concentration is irreversible];
    Aolita et al RPP(15)-a1402 [rev];
    Mariën et al a1411 [upper bound on entanglement rates];
    Nahum et al PRX(17)-a1608 [under random unitary dynamics];
    Hackl & Jonsson Quant(19)-a1904 [energy cost];
    Mezei & Virrueta JHEP(20)-a1912 [effective membrane theory];
    Valdés-Hernández et al PRA(20)-a2009 [emergence of dynamical evolution].
  @ Entanglement production:
    Cirac & Zoller PRL(95);
    Mølmer & Sørensen PRL(99);
    Sackett et al Nat(00)mar [4 particles];
    Braun PRA(05)qp [cmb];
    Franson JMO(08)-a0704 [superluminal];
    Abrey & Vallejos PRA(07) [bounds];
    Harshman & Hutton PRA(08)-a0710 [1D particle scattering];
    Ficek & Tanas PRA(08)-a0802 [delayed];
    Wechsler a0905;
    Mascarenhas et al PRA(11)-a1006 [physically realizable entanglement];
    Friis et al PRD(12)-a1201,
    Bruschi et al PRL(12)-a1201 [generation between modes in an accelerated cavity];
    Ribeiro & Angelo PRA(12)-a1202 [two interacting spins, semiclassical propagators];
    Kafri & Taylor a1311 [and classical forces];
    Van Acoleyen et al PRL(13) [and entanglement entropy area law];
    Orieux et al PRL(15)-a1503 [from classical correlations];
    Svozil a1704 [through path identification];
    Bellomo et al PRA(17)-a1704 [single particle as entanglement catalyst];
    Yang PRD(18)-a1707,
    Cresswell PRA(18)-a1709 [entanglement timescale];
    Abdul-Rahman a2104 [disordered oscillators, area law];
    > s.a. Quantum Coherence [n-fragility];
      stochastic processes.
  @ Time evolution: Carvalho et al PRL(07) [open dynamics, optimal characterization];
    Salles et al PRA(08)-a0804 [experimental];
    Yu & Eberly OC(10)-a0906 [with environmental noise];
    Tiersch et al QIP(09)-a0909 [evolution equation];
    Zhou & Joynt QIP(12)-a1006 [topological classification of evolutions];
    Ribeiro & Angelo PRA(10) [for coherent states];
    Martín-Martínez et al CQG(12)-a1205 [fate under gravitational collapse];
    Benedetti et al IJQI(12)-a1209 [effects of classical noise];
    Wick et al JPA(16)-a1508 [under random interactions];
    Nahum et al PRX(17) [under random unitary dynamics];
    Bertini et al PRX(19)-a1812 [and many-body quantum chaos];
    Alba et al SciP(19)-a1903 [spreading, and Generalized Hydrodynamics];
    Lerose & Pappalardi a2005 [and chaos, semiclassical].
  @ Loss, disentanglement: Mor qp/98;
    Dodd & Halliwell PRA(04)qp/03,
    Carvalho et al PRL(04) [and decoherence];
    Dodd PRA(04)qp/03 [dissipative open systems];
    Rey et al cm/07 [noise-resistant entanglement];
    Buscemi LNCS(08)-a0802 [irreversibility];
    Maniscalco et al PRL(08) [protection, using Zeno effect];
    Mann & Villalba PRA(09)-a0902 [degradation speed-up];
    Metwally et al PhyA(10) [and chaos];
    Valente PhSc(10)dec [possibility of local disentanglement];
    Novotný et al PRL(11)-a1103 [fragile and robust entanglement];
    Giorgi et al IJQI(11)-a1107 [decay of entanglement vs correlations with dissipation];
    Bruschi et al PRD(12) [degradation due to motion];
    Pirandola a1307-proc
      [entanglement reactivation by classical correlations];
    Filippov et al PRA(13)-a1310 [multipartite dissipative systems];
    Dai et al JHEP-a1507 [from acceleration or black holes];
    news(17)may [entanglement is robust under acceleration];
    Modak a1803 [gravity].
  @ Sudden death: Almeida et al Sci(07)apr
    + pw(07)may;
    O Terra Cunha JNP(07);
    Al-Qasimi & James PRA(08)-a0707;
    Ann & Jaeger PLA(08)-a0707;
    Landulfo & Matsas PRA(09)-a0907 [and acceleration, external force];
    Yu & Eberly Sci(09)-a0910;
    Roszak et al PRA(10)-a0912;
    Goyal & Ghosh PRA(10)-a1005 [Gaussian state + bath];
    Oliveira et al PLA(11)-a1006 [and genuine entanglement];
    > s.a. entangled systems [cavity QED].
Observation, Experiment
  @ References: news cosmos(19)may [quarks inside a proton].
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