Molecular Physics

In General > s.a. Lennard-Jones and van der Waals Potential.
* Interferometry: 1999, A Zeilinger et al obtained diffraction of C₆₀ molecules from a grating; 2002, interference of C₇₀ molecules at 900 K observed [@ Brezger et al PRL(02)], which may be useful for decoherence studies.
* Fullerenes: They contain at least 60 C atoms; C₆₀ is Buckminsterfullerene, a.k.a. Bucky ball, named after Buckminster Fuller, who invented the geodesic dome; Also the (Sylvester graph of the) non-abelian group G₆₀.
* Applications: Some contain atoms inside, like ³He, that identify them as extrasolar.
@ Books: Debye 29 [polar molecules]; Emsley 99 [I]; Rowlinson [forces].
@ General references: Feynman PR(39) [forces].
@ Special molecules: Chung & Sternberg AS(93) [buckminsterfullerene]; Gelbart et al PT(00)sep [DNA]; Xie et al Sci(04)apr + pw(04)apr [C₅₀].
@ Interference: Bordé et al PLA(94) [with I₂ molecules]; Arndt et al Nat(99)oct + pw(99)oct [C₆₀]; Brezger et al PRL(02) [C₇₀ fullerene molecules]; Nairz et al AJP(03) [large molecules]; Hackermüller et al PRL(03)+ pw(03)sep; Arndt et al pw(05)mar [rev]; Hillery et al PRA(05) [and internal states].
@ Related topics: Bader & Parker PT(01)mar [Loschmidt and molecular sizes]; Sindelka & Moiseyev qp/06 [diatomic molecules in an external em field].

Polymers > s.a. [graph theory in physics]; regge calculus [polymerized manifolds].
* Examples: Carbyne, a linear chain of C atoms; Dendrimers (molecules that branch off like trees).
* Composite: Blends of two or more components that do not mix, like oil and water, forced into intimate contact to obtain materials combining the best features of both; For example, polystyrene is very brittle on its own, but when rubbery particles are incorporated, it can withstand large impacts; Blending two polymers ordinarily produces a mayonnaise-like mixture or emulsion in which micron-sized droplets of one polymer is distributed or dispersed in a matrix of the other; Mayonnaise contains egg-coated oil droplets dispersed in vinegar.
@ General references: Kholodenko & Vilgis PRP(98) [geometrical and topological problems]; Witten RMP(98) [solutions]; Ladik PRP(99) [as solids]; Vilgis PRP(00) [path integrals and scaling]; Bower 02; Rubinshtein & Colby 03.
@ Branched: Bialas PLB(96)hl/95, NPB(00)cm [correlations]; Durhuus & Jonsson MPLA(96)ht; Jurkiewicz & Krzywicki PLB(97)ht/96; Wheater & Correia NPPS(99)hl/98 [spectral dimension]; Ambjørn et al ht/99.
@ Entanglement: Ferrari & Lazzizzera ht/98; Edwards & Müller-Nedebock JPA(99), JPA(99).
@ And statistical mechanics: Ferrari & Lazzizzera NPB(99) [and Chern-Simons theory], ht/99, ht/99; Aoki et al PTP(00)ht/99, PRE(00)ht/99 [branched, scaling].
@ Meander problem: Harris ht/98; Di Francesco CMP(98), et al NPB(00)cm/99, NPB(00).
@ Colloids, Flexible polymers, etc: de Gennes & Badoz 96.
@ Related topics: De Kee & Wissbrun PT(98)jun [polymer fluids]; Guitter & Orlandini JPA(99) [knotted].

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