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General Results and Projects > s.a. Brown Dwarves.
* History: 1992,
Announcement of pulsar planets by Alex Wolszczan; 2004, More than 130
giant planets in orbit about nearby stars have been discovered using
ground-based telescopes; For some time, it was not clear whether some of
the bodies discovered were brown dwarves, since what was measured was not
the mass but m cosθ, where θ is the
inclination of the orbit with respect to the line of sight; 2016, Nearly
2000 exoplanets are known.
* Plans: 2010, Launch of NASA's
interferometer Terrestrial Planet Finder? 2011, TPF and SIM cancelled by NASA.
@ History, plurality of worlds:
Snyder SHPSA(07) [Wheewell];
> s.a. history of cosmology.
@ News: Lindley Nat(88)aug;
White Nat(89)jan;
Mayor & Queloz Nat(95)nov;
Time(96)feb5;
Vogt et al ApJ(00)ap/99;
Werner & Jura SA(09)jun [around white dwarves];
news BBC(09)jun [in M31];
news SA(10)jun [Kepler data release];
news sn(10)aug [multiple-planet systems];
news sa(13)oct [Kepler-56's tilted planet orbits];
news NASA(14)aug [precision measurements];
news lat(15)nv [GJ 1132b, 39 ly away];
news pt(18)oct,
sn(18)oct,
Kreidberg et al ApJL(19)-a1904 [exomoon spotted?].
@ Books: Morrison 93;
Boss 99 [r PT(99)apr];
Cole & Woolfson 02;
Boss 09
[r pw(09)jun];
Scharf 09 [and astrobiology];
Johnson 15;
Perryman 18
[e1 PT(11)].
@ Overviews: Black SA(91)jan;
Sargent & Beckwith PT(93)apr;
Boss PT(96)sep;
Cochran pw(97)jul;
Perryman RPP(00)ap [rev];
Collier Cameron pw(01)jan;
Lineweaver et al IAU-ap/02;
Marcy et al PTPS(05)ap;
Perryman et al ap/05-rp [ESA-ESO report];
Sánchez-Lavega CP(06) [planetodiversity];
Lunine et al a0808-rp,
PT(09)may [strategy];
Wright et al ApJ(09)-a0812;
Boss pw(09)mar [future];
Johnson PASP-a0903;
Baraffe et al RPP(10)-a1001 [physical properties];
George PhEd(11)-a1103 [in the classroom];
Wright & Gaudi a1210-ch [methods];
Heng AS(13)#3-a1304 [ubiquity of exoplanets];
Lemonick SA(13)jul;
Perryman AJP(14)jun-a1311 [RL];
Winn & Fabrycky ARAA(15)-a1410;
Heng & Winn AS(15)#3 [and future missions];
Ballesteros & Luque AB(16)-a1604;
Livio & Silk PT(17)mar [and life];
von Braun & Boyajian 17-a1707 [host star characterization].
@ Abundance:
Lineweaver & Grether ApJ(03)ap [fraction, sunlike];
news pw(10)oct
[almost one in four sunlike stars could have an earthlike planet];
news sa(12)jun [small planets could form around any type of star];
Johnson PT(14)mar [planets around red dwarfs].
@ Specific planets: Anglada-Escudé et al Nat(16)aug-a1609 [Proxima Cen b];
Gillon et al Nat(17)feb
+ news PT(17)feb [TRAPPIST-1].
@ Around binaries: Bennett et al Nat(99)ap;
Bonavita & Desidera A&A(07)ap;
Haghighipour in(08)-a0908;
news physorg(11)jul [ternary star system];
Roell et al A&A(12)-a1204 [multiple-star systems];
Armstrong et al MNRAS(14)-a1404 [rate of occurrence];
Eggl et al IAU(14)-a1412 [dynamics and habitability];
Kley & Haghighipour A&A(15)-a1506 [eccentric, Kepler-34];
Bonavita et al A&A(16)-a1605 [SPOTS survey, first results].
@ Free-floating planets:
Hurley & Shara AS(02)mar;
Sumi et al Nat(11)-a1105
+ news nasa(11)may [microlensing, abundant];
news sn(17)jul [rare].
@ Other objects: news NASA(18)jun,
Bialy & Loeb ApJL(18)-a1810 ['Oumuamua].
@ Other properties: Mazeh et al ApJL(98)ap [mass distribution];
Espresate ap/05/RMAA [catalog];
Stevenson PT(04)apr;
Lyra a0910 [naming].
Other aspects: see astronomy education;
theory and related topics [including astrobiology].
Observation Methods
> s.a. sources of gravitational radiation.
* Indirect: From
gravitational effects, like Astrometry of nearby stars (1999, First one
seen); Doppler shift in spectra of nearby stars (1996, Has given several
planets, accuracy ± 3–11 m/s); Timing of pulsars (gave 3 planets
for one pulsar, unexpectedly – how could they survive?).
* Direct: Direct
photography (1998, achieved by HST, but only for circumstellar disk);
Gravitational lensing/microlensing (achieved in 1999); Eclipse effect on
nearby stars (1998, "not very likely"; 1999, achieved); Interferometry of
their IR radiation (1996, very delicate, but projects have been proposed;
Can tune to lines of molecules signaling life).
@ General references: Fischer et al in(14)-a1505 [rev];
Margot AJ(15)-a1507 [criterion for defining planets].
@ Microlensing:
Sahu SP-ap/97;
Di Stefano & Scalzo ApJ(99)ap/98,
ApJ(99)ap/98;
Safizadeh et al ApJ(99)ap/98;
Bozza A&A(00)ap/99;
Sackett ESO(00)ap/99;
Baltz & Gondolo ap/99 [extragalactic];
Gaudi ASP-ap/02 [review];
Dominik ap/03-MGX;
Cassan & Kubas ASP-ap/06;
Gaudi ASP-a0711 [rev];
Cassan et al IAU(07)-a0711;
De Paolis et al NCB(07);
Bennett in(08)-a0902;
Ingrosso et al a1001-MG12 [in M31, proposal].
@ Transits: Gillon et al A&A(05)ap [surveys];
Narita AIP(09)-a0906 [rev];
Pepper et al PASP(07)-a0704 [KELT, Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescopes].
@ Space missions: Kuchner ap/05-conf [TPF];
Ford PASP(06)ap/05 [SIM, effect of multiple planets];
Sherrill SA(05)nov-dec [TPF];
Olling a0704-rp [LEAVITT proposal];
news msnbc(11)jun [loss of TPF and SIM];
Ricker et al JATIS(15)-a1406 [TESS];
Lissauer et al nIns(14)sep-a1409,
Gould et al TPT(15) [Kepler];
Lissauer & Eisberg NAR(18)-a1908 [Kepler].
@ Direct detection / imaging: Burrows Nat(05)ap;
Chelli A&A(05)ap;
Stapelfeldt et al a0707-rp;
Hinz et al a0902-rp [rocky, prospects];
Bendek et al SPIE(15)-a1510,
Thomas et al SPIE(15)-a1510;
Wagner et al Sci(16)aug-a1607 [Jovian planet in a triple star system].
@ Astrometric detection: Sozzetti PASP(05)ap;
Sahlmann et al SPIE(13)-a1309 [from the ground].
@ Related topics:
Sackett ap/98-in,
Doyle et al SA(00)sep [occultation];
Ford et al Nat(01)ap [photometric variability];
Charbonneau ap/03-conf [follow-up];
news pw(10)jan [spectrum];
news ng(11)apr [using auroral radio emissions];
news ut(13)may [BEER algorithm and results];
Pepe et al AN-a1401 [ESPRESSO];
Wright et al ApJ(16)-a1510 [signatures of planet-sized artificial structures];
Montet & Loomis a1603 [occurrence rate of environmental movements on Earthlike planets :-)].
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send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 13 aug 2019