Sub-Quantum Theories  

The "Origin'' of Quantum Mechanics > s.a. Determinism; logic; physics ["visions"]; quantum gravity and spacetime.
* Santamato's proposal: Geodesics in Weyl gravity (two degrees of freedom) give rise to paths in the pilot-wave view of quantum mechanics; The amplitude and phase of the wave function (two degrees of freedom) are functions of the connection; Similar to what happens in scale relativity.
* 't Hooft proposal: Loss of information due to dissipation in a microscopic, classical deterministic system.
* Beyond quantum mechanics: See Valentini's proposal of more general, "non-equilibrium" sub-quantum systems, for which quantum mechanics emerges in a "thermal equilibrium state".
* Phenomenology: Various proposals predict violations of Born's rule.
@ General references: Clauser & Horne PRD(74) [objective local theories, and experiment].
@ From classical mechanics / logic: Orlov AP(94), qp/96; Wetterich ht/01; Aerts IJTP(95)qp/01; Bokulich & Bokulich FP(05) [Bohr's view].
@ 't Hooft proposal: 't Hooft FPL(97)qp/96, ht/01, ht/01-in; Blasone et al BJP(05)qp-in, AP(05) [path-integral approach].
@ Valentini proposal: Valentini pr(91); > s.a. pilot-wave interpretation.

Based on Stochastic Processes > s.a. formulations, interpretations [stochastic]; stochastic processes; stochastic quantum mechanics.
@ General references: de la Peña & Cetto FP(75), FP(78); Wallstrom FPL(89); Sanz PLA(90) [and quantum probabilities]; Olavo PRA(00); Torres & Figueiredo qp/02; Smolin qp/06 [and Nelson's stochastic formulation]; Davidson qp/06-in [assessment]; Khrennikov IJTP(08).
@ Fluctuations: Percival PRS(95)qp [spacetime fluctuations]; Puthoff PRD(87) [H ground state as equilibrium between acceleration radiation and vacuum fluctuations]; Grössing qp/05-in [classical mechanics + coarse-grained time and zero-point fluctuations], PLA(08)-a0711, a0812 [non-equilibrium]; de la Peña et al FP(09) [ergodic systems embedded in the zero-point radiation field].
@ Models: Davidson JMP(78), LMP(79), LMP(79)qp/01, JMP(79)qp/01 [algebra of operators]; Bordley PLA(95); Yeung qp/99; Kaniadakis PhyA(02)qp/01; Hall & Reginatto JPA(02) [uncertainty principle]; Ord & Mann qp/02, qp/02 [entwined pair paths]; Adler ht/02; Helland qp/03, qp/04-in, qp/05-in; Månsson qp/05 [as spacetime statistical mechanics]; Wiesniak et al PRB(08)qp/05 [entanglement from third law of thermodynamics]; Khrennikov qp/05, ht/06, PLA(06), RPMP(07), FP(09); de la Peña et al a0712 [from oscillator vacuum energy].

Based on Field Theory or Geometry / Gravitation
@ From field theory / hep: Jones MPLA(95); Piron HPA(96)mp/02 [field theory and Noether's theorem]; Faraggi & Matone PLB(99); Krasnoholovets IJP(01)qp/99, S&S(01)qp, qp/01-in; Svetlichny FP(00)qp/99; 't Hooft IJTP(03) [field theory with large gauge group]; > s.a. modified quantum mechanics [pre-quantum mechanics].
@ From geometry / gravity: Santamato PRD(84) [Weyl geometry]; Hadley qp/96-in, IJTP(99)gq [general relativity]; Spaans gq/99 [spacetime topology]; Kamalov JRLR(01)qp/07 [background of random gravitational fields]; Hadley AIP(07)gq [non-time-orientable manifolds]; Exirifard a0811 [quantum mechanics as emergent in flat spacetime].
@ From higher dimensions: Towe mp/05 [5D Kaluza-Klein geometry].
@ Quantum mechanics as emergent: Elze PLA(03)gq, in(06)gq/03, gq/03-in, PhyA(04)gq/03; Adler 04; 't Hooft AIP(07)-a0707; Elze IJQI(09)-a0806-in.

Other Proposals > s.a. quantum-classical mechanics relationship; schrödinger equation [derivations].
@ Chaos, complexity: Kirilyuk AFLB(96)cd/95, AFLB(96)qp/95 + 4ff; De Martino et al qp/97-wd; Hansson qp/00; McHarris qp/06.
@ From real theory: Finkelstein & Galiautdinov ht/00-in.
@ From measure theory / probability / information: Landsberg FP(88); Youssef MPLA(91); Sorkin MPLA(94); Caticha PRA(98)qp; Chapline qp/99; Fuchs qp/02; Pitowsky qp/05-in; 't Hooft qp/06 [equivalence classes of data]; Goyal qp/07, qp/07; Rau a0706 [consistent reasoning with finite evidence]; Goyal a0805, PRA(08)-a0805, a0805 [from information geometry]; D'Ariano a0807-in; Klein a0810; Wetterich a0811, a0906; Caticha a0907-in [from entropic dynamics]; > s.a. information.
@ Ur-objects: Lyre IJTP(95)qp/96; Kober a0905 [and field theory, general relativity].
@ Other types: Cetto & de la Peña-Auerbach FPL(91) [vacuum]; Granik FP(97); Wheeler MPLA(97)ht; Garavaglia & Kauffmann IJTP(02)ht/99-in [algebraic]; Ono qp/99 [?]; Nicolescu qp/00-in ["levels of reality"]; Moret-Bailly S&S(01)qp ["phenomenological"]; Qi qp/02-in, qp/02/FPL [discontinuous motion]; Bohr et al FP(04) [uncaused clicks]; Torrome JMP(06) [Finsler version of 't Hooft proposal]; Brenig qp/06/PRL [as a relativity theory], JPA(07)gq/06 [from invariance of uncertainty]; Palmer PRS-a0812 ["invariant set hypothesis"]; Blasone et al a0901-in; Caravaglios IJMPA-a0907.


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