Variation
of Physical Constants| Variation
of Physical Constants |
In General > s.a. cosmology [future
of the universe]; fine
structure constant; gravitational
constant.
* History: Predicted by a number of theories, such as Kaluza-Klein;
Einstein (1912) worked on variable-c gravity; Dirac (1937) and Landau (1955)
proposed
that 
could vary; Bimetric
theories predict a variation of c.
@ Reviews, status: Carilli pw(01)oct;
Chiba gq/01-in;
Martins PTRS(02)ap;
Uzan ap/04-in; Olive & Qian PT(04)oct;
Barrow & Webb SA(05)jun;
Barrow PTRS(05)ap; news SFN(05)dec,
space(06)jul;
Dent hp/06-in;
Flambaum a0705-IJMPA;
Melnikov G&C(07);
Flambaum IJMPA(07).
@ General references: Belinchón & Alfonso-Faus IJMPD(01)gq/04 [
c =
const]; Armendáriz-Picón PRD(02)
[model]; Langacker IJMPA(04)hp/03-in
[and extra dimensions]; Buchalter ap/04 [c,
G, h, cosmology]; Ignatiev & Carson
PLA(04)
[e, ,
c: constraints]; MacGibbon ap/06,
PRL(07)-a0706 [maximal
rate allowed by second law of thermodynamics]; Flambaum phy/06-in;
Martins ap/06-in
[and dark energy]; Shaw gq/07 [possible
seasonal changes]; Nea RPP(07)
[comparisons of atomic frequency standards].
@ Theory: Gleiser & Taylor PRD(85), PRD(86)
[and Kaluza-Klein theory]; Barrow gq/97-ln;
Dzuba et al PRL(99)phy/98;
Vilenkin PRL(98)ht;
Barrow & O'Toole MNRAS(01)ap/99 [in
space]; Duff ht/02;
Uzan RMP(03)hp/02;
Rich AJP(03)phy/02 [consequences];
Barrow ASS(03)gq/02-in;
Vucetich ap/02-in
[models]; Marion et al PRL(03)phy/02,
Fischer et al PRL(04)phy/03 [lab
experiment].
@ e/p mass ratio: Barshay & Kreyerhoff ap/07 [and
a small cosmological constant]; Dent a0802-ln.
Specific Constants > s.a. fine
structure constant; gravitational constant; particle
types [e mass].
@ Variation of c: Tiwari in(80)gq/02;
Ellman phy/98;
Moffat ap/98-in;
Coule MPLA(99);
Albrecht ap/99-in;
Manida gq/99;
Barrow PRD(99)
[and cosmology]; Clayton & Moffat PLB(99)ap/98, PLB(00), PLB(01)gq/01 [bimetric];
Carlip PRD(03)gq/02 [and
black hole thermodynamics]; Magueijo 03, RPP(03)ap;
Ellis & Uzan AJP(05)gq/03;
Bel gq/03;
Jafari & Shariati IJMPD(04)gq/03 [as
reformulations of special relativity]; Ellis GRG(07)ap [requirements
on theories], comments Magueijo & Moffat a0705; > s.a. mach's
principle.
@ Variation of c and G: Avelino & Martins PLB(99)ap [cosmology].
@ Coupling constants: Chamoun et al PLB(01)
[strong coupling constant]; Kostelecky et al PRD(03)
[and Lorentz violation]; Shaw & Barrow PRD(05)gq/04 [electroweak,
quantum corrections]; Bambi & Drago APP(08)-a0711 [bounds
from GRBs].
@ QCD parameters: Dmitriev & Flambaum PRD(03)ap/02 [(mq/
QCD)];
Beane & Savage NPA(03)hp/02 [mq and
nuclear physics].
@ Other constants:
Bekenstein & Sagi PRD(08)-a0802 [G and
Milgrom's a0 MOND
parameter].
> Various theories:
see brane cosmology; cosmological
constant; dark matter; FRW
models; gravitation ["variable lightcone"]; inflationary
phenomenology; quantum cosmology; quantum
geometrodynamics; relativistic cosmology; renormalization.
Bounds and Phenomenology > s.a. cosmic
acceleration; modified lorentz symmetry; scalar-tensor.
* c,
status: 2002, P Davies et al say examination of
black holes and thermodynamics suggests that ·/ is
due to c·.
* e/p mass ratio,
status: 2006, Evidence from extreme UV lines of H for a 0.002% change
over 12 Gyr, 3.5-
level;
2007, Stronger upper bound of (–1 
3) 
10–16
yr–1 [from the inversion spectrum of
ammonia]; 2008, Upper bound (–3.8 ± 5.6) 10–14 yr–1.
@ General references: Sisterna & Vucetich PRD(90);
Nordtvedt IJMPA(02)gq [and
equivalence principle]; Olive et al PRD(02);
Chengalur & Kanekar PRL(03)ap,
Kanekar et al PRL(05) [using
OH lines]; Ichikawa
& Kawasaki PRD(02)
[and nucleosynthesis]; Rich AJP(03)
[consequences]; Shaw & Barrow PRD(06)gq/05,
PLB(06)gq/05, PRD(06)gq,
Barrow & Shaw gq/06-in
[local effects].
@ Spatial variation:
Barrow PRD(05)ap [cosmological
bounds].
@ Dependence on gravitational
potential:
Dent PRL(08)
[Eötvös-type bounds].
@ And inflation: Martins ap/00-in;
Chamoun et al ap/06/IJMPD
[strong coupling constant].
@ e/p mass ratio: Tzanavaris et al PRL(05)ap/04,
MNRAS(07)ap/06 [21-cm
+ UV lines]; Barrow & Magueijo PRD(05)ap [cosmological
constraints]; Ivanchik A&A(05)ap;
Reinhold et al PRL(06)
+ pn(06)apr
[evidence]; Chiba et al PRD(07);
Flambaum & Kozlov PRL(07)
+ pw(07)jun;
Shelkovnikov et al PRL(08)
[lab constraint]; Murphy et al Sci(08)jun + sr(08)jun
[quasar B0218+367].
@ Variation of c: Albrecht & Magueijo PRD(99)
[cosmology]; Bekenstein
ap/03 [and
lab spectroscopy].
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Send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – Modified
26 jul 2008