Gamma-Ray Bursts| Gamma-Ray Bursts |
In General
> s.a. gamma-ray astronomy / sources
of gravitational waves; cosmological parameters.
* 1998: Are they due to the
coalescence of binary neutron stars? A typical length is about 100 s.
* 1999: First one observed
optically while active; They seem to signal the birth of stellar-mass
black holes.
* 2006: They only tend
to occur in small, misshapen "metal-poor" galaxies, unlike the Milky Way
[@ news pw(06)apr].
* 2009: GRB 090423,
seen by the Swift satellite, had z = 8.3 [@ news
NASA(09)apr;
Tanvir et al Nat(09)-a0906;
news ns(09)oct].
* 2012: Their
status as sources of high-energy cosmic rays questioned by IceCube results
showing too few neutrinos coming from GRBs.
* 2013: Evidence
that short-duration grbs (lasting less than two seconds) are produced by
the merger of compact objects, such as neutron stars.
* 2016: There is
mounting evidence for the binary nature of the progenitors.
@ General references: Piran GRG(96)gq,
PRP(99)ap/98,
PRP(00)ap/99-proc [fireball model];
Tavani ap/98-conf;
Heinz & Begelman ApJL(99)ap [shotgun model];
Woosley AIP(00)ap/99 [engine];
Zimmerman ThSc(00)jan; Zhang Nat(06)ap [new type];
Lamb NCB(06) [and cosmology];
Lü et al ApJ(10)-a1001 [classification];
news at(12)apr [IceCube detector sees too few neutrinos for fireball model];
Littlejohns et al MNRAS(13)-a1309 [high vs low-redshift];
Ruffini et al ApJ(16)-a1602 [sources];
Zhang 18 [physics].
@ Reviews: Hartmann ThSc(92)jul [sources];
Fishman & Hartmann SA(97)jul;
Rees ap/97;
Mészáros PTPS(99)ap-conf;
Piran gq/02-GR16,
RMP(04)ap;
Hjorth et al pw(04)oct;
Mörtsell & Sollerman JCAP(05)ap [future];
Mészáros RPP(06)ap;
Ghisellini PoS-ap/06 [and blazars];
De Rújula a0711-ln;
Grindlay Nat(08)sep-a0901 [long-lasting];
Stamatikos IJMPD(09)-a0904-proc;
Vedrenne & Atteia 09;
McBreen et al a1003-proc;
Nakar a1009-proc;
Ghisellini IAU(11)-a1010;
Ruffini IJMPD(11)-a1107-MG12,
Rico a1111-proc [and fundamental physics];
Mészáros APP(12)-1204;
Gomboc CP(12)-a1206;
Berger ARAA(14)-a1311 [short-duration GRBs];
Kumar & Zhang PRP(15)-a1410;
Horváth a1903 [hist];
Rueda et al Univ-a1905.
@ And cosmology: Bromm & Loeb a0706-in [as early-universe probes];
Amati a0908-proc [cosmological parameters];
Tsutsui et al a1205/JCAP [as distance indicators];
Wei & Wu IJMPD(17)-a1607-MG14 [as standard candles].
@ Spectral time lags: Pavlopoulos PLB(05)ap; Amelino-Camelia et al a1707;
Chaichian et al a2101-conf [explanations without Lorentz symmetry breaking].
@ Other effects: Annis JBIS(99)ap [and life];
Thomas et al ApJ(05)ap [on Earth];
Kocevski & Petrosian a1110/ApJ [time-dilation effects];
news bbc(13)jan [AD 774-775];
Piran & Jimenez PRL(14) [life extinctions];
Gowanlock ApJ(16)-a1609 [astrobiological].
@ Related topics: King et al ApJL(05)ap [restarting the engine];
Savaglio NJP(06) [as probes of chemical evolution];
Lieu ApJ(08)ap/07 [gravitational time delay];
Bloom et al ApJ(09)-a0803 [naked-eye GRB 080319B];
Song a0805 ["redshift is gravitational"];
Dado & Dar a0910/ApJ [high-energy photons];
news nat(10)nov [and magnetars];
Coward et al PoS-a1206 [optical selection effects];
Shenoy et al ApJ(13)-a1304 [curvature effects];
Wiersema et al Nat(14)may [circular polarization in the optical afterglow];
> s.a. neutrinos;
neutron stars [GRB precursors].
> And quantum gravity: see quantum
gravity phenomenology; tests of lorentz violation.
Sources and Mechanisms
* Types: Long "soft"
ones (with a duration > 2 s) are due to massive star collapse explosions;
Short, hard ones (0.1 s or so) to compact binary coalescence.
* Models: Fireball (synchrotron
radiation from colliding shells); Cannonball (jet from infalling matter).
@ Theory: Mészáros ARAA(02)ap/01;
Dermer ap/02-conf;
De Rújula ap/03-proc;
Dar & De Rújula PRP(04)ap/03;
Amelino-Camelia hp/05-conf [and Planck-scale physics];
Covino Sci(07)-a0705 [mechanism];
Lyutikov a0911-proc;
Granot & Ramírez-Ruiz a1012-ch [and jets];
Piran et al a1206-proc [origin];
Rezzolla & Kumar ApJ(15)-a1410 [short GRBs, novel paradigm].
@ Supernovas: Mohapatra et al APP(00)ap/99 [mirror supernovas];
Paczyński ap/99-proc;
Soderberg AIP(06)ap [rev];
Woosley & Bloom ARAA(06);
Hjorth & Bloom a1104-ch;
Cano a1208-PhD.
@ Microscopic / primordial black holes: Casadio et al AIP(02)ap;
Cline & Otwinowski a0908 [estimate].
@ Superconducting cosmic strings: Berezinsky et al PRD(01)ap/00;
Cheng et al PRL(10)-a1005
+ news ng(10)aug.
@ Neutron stars: Rosswog ap/05 [neutron star–black hole binaries];
Ruiz et al ApJ(16)-a1604 [binary neutron star mergers].
@ Simulations on Earth:
Warwick et al PRL(18)
+ news giz(18)jan [plasma beam].
@ Sources, other: Kundt ChJAA-ap/03 [galactic origin?];
Paczyński & Haensel MNRAS(05)ap [and quark star formation – support
in Lazzati MNRAS(05)ap/04];
Virgili et al ApJ(11)-a0909;
Metzger et al MNRAS(11)-a1012 [proto-magnetar model].
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