Black-Hole
Uniqueness and Hair| Black-Hole
Uniqueness and Hair |
Various Kinds of Hair
@ Scalar hair: Bekenstein PRD(72),
PRD(72);
Christodoulou CMP(87);
Ferrari & Xanthopoulos
PRD(90);
Bekenstein PRD(95);
Mavromatos gq/96-in
[in Einstein-Yang-Mills and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet]; Saa JMP(96)gq, PRD(96)gq [no-hair
theorems]; Ortín ht/97-in;
Sen & Banerjee
Pra(01)gq/98;
Rogatko PRD(99)ht [dilaton];
Banerjee et al MPLA(01);
Degura et al G&C(01)
[2+1]; Nucamendi & Salgado PRD(03)gq;
Hertog PRD(06)gq.
@ Scalar hair, with cosmological constant: Torii et al PRD(99)gq/98, PRD(01)
[aAdS]; Winstanley FP(03)gq/02;
Sudarsky & González PRD(03)
[aAdS]; Martínez & Troncoso PRD(06)
[charged]; Buchel & Pagnutti a0904.
@ Axionic hair: Bowick et al PRL(88); > s.a. axions.
@ Abelian Higgs hair: Achúcarro et al PRD(95)gq [Nielsen-Olesen
string]; Chamblin et al PRL(98),
PRD(98)
[extreme]; Ghezelbash & Mann
PRD(02)
[rotating and charged black holes].
@ With Skyrme hair: Droz et al PLB(91); Moss et al CQG(00)gq; Tamaki
et al PRD(01)gq.
@ Yang-Mills hair: Bizón PRL(90),
Straumann & Zhou PLB(90)
[SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills]; Mavromatos & Winstanley JMP(98);
Kleihaus et al gq/98-in;
Ashtekar et al CQG(01)gq/00 [as
bound states with colored solitons]; Kleihaus & Kunz PRL(01)
[SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills, rotating]; Weinberg gq/01-ln.
@ Quantum hair: Krauss GRG(90);
Preskill & Krauss NPB(90);
Coleman et al PRL(91), GRG(92), NPB(92);
Krauss & Liu NPB(97)ht/96 [effects];
Dabholkar & Trivedi JHEP(99)
[discrete, in AdS]; Dvali PRD(06)ht [massive
spin-2], ht/06 [long-range
super-massive tensor fields].
@ Short hair: Núñez et al PRL(96)gq/95;
Brown & Husain
IJMPD(97)gq.
@ Other kinds: Strominger PRL(96)ht [statistical,
from string theory]; Krauss et al PRL(96)ht [hairy,
dirty black holes]; Larsen & Wilczek NPB(96)ht, NPB(97)ht/96 [from
string theory]; Bronnikov & Zaslavskii PRD(08)-a0801 ["curly
hair"].
No-Hair and Uniqueness Results > s.a. black-hole
perturbations;
kerr spacetime.
* Idea: The expression "black
holes
have no hair," introduced by
Wheeler, means that a stationary black hole is characterized just by the value
of those multipoles
that cannot be radiated away; There are no bifurcations from the Kerr-Newman
family of solutions; In particular, uniqueness theorems prove
that there are no other families of solutions with the same parameters; These
are
global
results, and are shown using Green-like identities and integrals.
* Results: 1984, Established
first for electrovac solutions; They hold also in scalar-tensor theories
and supergravity; There are no static,
spherically
symmetric Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell or Einstein-Yang-Mills-Dirac solutions with
non-trivial spinors.
* Exceptions: Scalar
hair in Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs systems (but unstable), and higher-curvature
(Gauss-Bonnet, string inspired) gravity (but no new conserved
quantum number).
@ Tests: Will ApJL(08)-a0711
[with orbits of stars around SgrA*].
References > s.a. black holes [topology].
@ Books, reviews: Chrusciel CM(94)gq;
Bekenstein gq/96-in;
Heusler HPA(96)gq, 96, LRR(98);
Carter gq/97-MG8;
Mazur ht/01-in.
@ Vacuum: Israel PR(67);
Carter PRL(71),
in(73); Hawking CMP(72);
in Hawking & Ellis
73; Robinson PRL(75);
Mazur JPA(82), GRG(84);
Bergqvist & Ludvigsen GRG(89),
Mars CQG(00)gq
[Kerr]; Ionescu & Klainerman a0711;
Chrusciel & Lopes Costa a0806 [Kerr].
@ Einstein-Maxwell: Israel CMP(68);
Robinson PRD(74);
Mazur APPB(83); Ruback
CQG(88);
Chrusciel HPA(96)gq;
Amsel et al a0906 [extremal
Kerr and Kerr-Newman, closing the gap in the uniqueness proof].
@ Einstein-Maxwell +: Finster et al CMP(99)gq/98 [+
Dirac, no-black-hole result]; Torii et al PRD(01)
[+ scalar, in Anti-de Sitter]; Mars & Simon
ATMP(02)gq/01 [+
dilaton].
@ Einstein-Yang-Mills +: Finster et al MMJ(00)gq/99 [+
Dirac, no-black-hole result].
@ Other theories: Ayón-Beato et al PRD(00)gq/99 [metric-affine];
Ayón-Beato in(02)gq
[Proca field].
@ Higher-dimensional: Mazur & Bombelli JMP(87)
[5D Kaluza-Klein]; Gibbons et al
PRL(02)gq;
Kol ht/02;
Reall PRD(03)
[supersymmetric, 5D]; Rogatko PRD(03)ht, PRD(04)
[5D sigma-models, stationary], PRD(06);
Hollands et al CMP(07)gq/06 [stationary
rotating implies axisymmetric]; Hollands & Jazadjiev CQG(08)
[5D Einstein-Maxwell]; Hollands & Yazadjiev a0812 [D-dimensional
Kaluza-Klein]; Figueras & Lucietti a0906.
@ Supersymmetric: Gutowski JHEP(04)ht;
Tomizawa et al PRD(09)-a0901 [5D
minimal supergravity].
@ Generalized no-hair / uniqueness theorems: Etesi CMP(98)ht/97;
Wells gq/98 [accelerating
black holes], gq/98 [superstring
black holes]; Bhattacharya & Lahiri PRL(07)gq [positive
cosmological constant].
@ Hairy situations:
Dubovsky et al JHEP(07)-a0706 [Lorentz-violating
theories of massive gravity].
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12 aug 2009