Galaxy Formation and Evolution  

Theory > s.a. chaotic systems; cosmic strings; dark matter; fluid; phenomenology of inflation.
* Criteria: A theory has to explain the blackbody nature and isotropy of microwave background.
* Primary mechanisms: Protogalaxies can form from growth of primordial fluctuations, or aggregation of material around cosmic string hoops or dark matter; A protogalaxy forms a galaxy if the energy dissipation time (by radiation) is smaller than the gravitational collapse time, otherwise it is too hot to collapse.
* Secondary mechanisms: Triggered by shock waves from supernovas; Tidal interactions and mergers play an important role in determining the kind of galaxy.
* Biasing: Characterized by the degenerate parameter combination = 0.6/b, or just the linear bias parameter b, the ratio of the fluctuation amplitudes of the galaxy and mass distributions.
@ Books: Binney & Tremaine 87.
@ Reviews: Ellis ap/98/Nat; McGaugh ap/98-in; Kauffmann & van den Bosch SA(02)jun; van den Bergh PASP(02)ap; Dekel ap/04-in [scales]; Schombert ap/04-in; Avila-Reese ap/06-ln; van Dokkum & Quadri a0704-in [evolution and environment]; Palous a0708-in.
@ First galaxies: Macchetto & Dickinson SA(97)may; Baugh & French pw(99)may; Loeb ap/06-in; Schaerer a0706-ln; Greif et al a0709-in.
@ Spiral: Athanassoula PRP(84), ap/02-in [bars]; Efremov et al SPU(89); Friedli ap/99-in [bars]; Silk ASS(03)ap/02-in; Combes SA(05)oct; Stringer & Benson a0712-in.
@ Structure formation: Padmanabhan ap/95-in; Brandenberger ap/95; Hu & Eisenstein PRD(99)ap/98; Silk ap/04-in [and dark matter].
@ Formation, mergers: Silk PT(87)apr; Peebles & Silk Nat(90)jul; Longair 98; Madau & Kuhlen ap/03-in [first ones]; Gawiser ap/05-in; Conselice a0706-in [massive galaxies].
@ Later evolution and star formation: Kurbatov AR(07)-a0709 [and turbulent dissipation].
@ Chemical evolution: Ziegler ap/04-in; Matteucci a0704-ln [rev]; Schild a0708 [puzzle of solar abundances at large z]; Prantzos a0709-ln.
@ Numerical simulations: Miller AS(92); Davé et al ap/05-in [formation].
@ Related topics: Berlind et al ApJ(01)ap/00 [biasing and ]; Tolstoy ap/02-in [dwarfs]; Dobbs & Price a0710-MNRAS [effect of magnetic field].
{& P Seiden, Colloquium 17.09.1981, "Propagating star formation and structure of galaxies".}

Observation > s.a. galaxies [Milky Way]; quasars.
* Interactions, mergers: In the 1990's, evidence accumulates that interactions are common and very imporant for galaxy evolution.
@ Interactions, collisions: Alladin & Narasimhan PRP(82); Struck PRP(99)ap [intro]; Goto ap/06-in, Martínez & Muriel MNRAS(06)ap [environmental effects].
@ Evidence of past: Ivans et al ap/99-in [metal-poor, high-velocity stars].


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