Cosmological History  

Important Changes and Events > s.a. history of cosmological models; observational cosmology.

Time Size Redshift Temperature Density Comments
−1.37 × 1010 yr 0 ∞ ∞ ∞ Big Bang
+ tP         Quantum-gravity effects
+1 sec     1010 K 5 × 105 g/cm3  
+4 sec     5 × 109 K 3 × 104 g/cm3  
+3 min     109 K   Nucleosynthesis starts
      1016 GeV   Grand Unification?
    1100     Decoupling, transition radiation → matter domination
+380,000 yr   1000 3000 K   Recombination, last scattering surface
+400 × 106 yr   10     Reionization – first stars
−1.0 × 1010 yr 1/6       Galaxy formation
−4.6 × 109 yr         Formation of Solar System and Earth
0 1 0 3 K   Present

References > s.a. cosmology; early-universe cosmology.
@ General: Pilipenko a1303 [printable cosmological calculator].
@ Special epochs: Loeb IJAB(14)-a1312 [the habitable epoch 100 < (1+z) < 110, with cmb temperature in the 273-300 K range]; Avelino & Kirshner ApJ(16)-a1607 [the dimensionless age of the universe is close to 1].
> Online resources: see NED Cosmology Calculators page.

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send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 11 mar 2018