Universal
Expansion and Hubble's Constant| Universal
Expansion and Hubble's Constant |
In General > s.a. acceleration;
friedmann equation;
relativistic cosmology.
* Idea: Hubble's constant H0:= R ·/R is
the most important number in extragalactic astronomy; 2000, The main source
of uncertainty in its value (about 10%) comes
from distances to galaxies, determined mainly using Cepheid variables in the
case of nearby galaxies.
* History: Hubble was
initially reluctant to accept the expansion as
real!
Value of Hubble's Constant
* Idea: These are estimated
values of the current expansion rate; H actually
varies in time (> see acceleration).
* 1990: H0 =
75–100 km/s/Mpc [@ Fukugita & Hogan Nat(90)sep];
Seems to require 
0,
otherwise the universe is too young.
* 1991: H0 =
50 
17
km/s/Mpc [gravitational lensing, @ Rhee Nat(91)mar].
* 1996: W Freedman et
al estimate 68–78 (from Cepheids, supernovas, Tully-Fischer, etc), A
Sandage et al 57.
* 1999: H0 =
66 6
km/s/Mpc (Cepheids), 72 4
(type Ia supernovas), 65–80 (lensing), 71 6
(combined).
* 2000: H0 = 74 7
km/s/Mpc (Cepheids), H0 = 65 km/s/Mpc (favored?),
H0 = 72 8 km/s/Mpc
(var).
* 2001: H0 =
64+14–11 14sys (std
CDM) or 66+14–11 15sys (-cdm)
km/s/Mpc (from SZ effect).
* 2002: H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc (cmb and 2dF galaxy redshift survey).
* 2003: H0 = 70+4–3 km/s/Mpc (WMAP, SDSS, and weak lensing).
* 2006: H0 =
71 km/s/Mpc accepted
value; Distance to Triangulum galaxy by Bonanos et al gives
15% higher value; Cepheid distance to NGC 4258 gives H0 =
73 3r 6s km/s/Mpc.
@ Value: Ferrarese et al ap/99-in
[combined]; Richtler & Drenkhahn ap/99-in
[supernovas]; Qin MPLA(99)ap/00 [method];
Hendry & Rauzy,
et al MNRAS(01)ap/99-in
[Cepheids]; Freedman et al ApJ(01)ap/00 [HST],
AS(03) [high-precision
cosmology]; Mason et al ap/01/ApJ
[Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect]; Chen et al PASP(03)ap [errors];
Lew et al ap/05-wd
[from proper motions of radio jets]; Tammann ap/05-in
[history]; Wang et al ApJ(06)ap;
Macri et al ApJ(06)ap
[NGC 4258]; Jackson LRR(07)-a0709.
@ From lensing: Bernstein & Fischer ap/99;
Schechter ap/00-in, ap/04-in;
Saha et al ApJL(06)ap.
@ Uniformity of expansion: Giovanelli et al ap/99/ApJ;
Ekholm et al
ap/01/A&AL
[near Local group]; > s.a. galaxies.
@ Vorticity and shear?
Jaffe et al ApJL(05)ap;
Palle ap/05 [results
not reliable].
@ Effect of inhomogeneities: Geshnizjani & Brandenberger PRD(02)gq;
Kozaki & Nakao PRD(02)gq [swiss
cheese model]; Kolb et al PRD(05)hp/04;
Lieu ap/05/ApJL;
> s.a. acceleration, friedmann, perturbations.
Expansion Rate, Theory
* With dark energy: If
it is modeled as a perfect fluid with equation of state parameter w >
–1, one gets a(t)
= a0 (t/t0)2/3(1+w).
@ General references: Lubin & Sandage ap/01/AJ, ap/01/AJ
[Tolman surface brightness test]; Abramo & Woodard PRD(02)ap/01 [covariant];
Carroll & Kaplinghat PRD(02)
[during nucleosynthesis]; Wei & Zhang PLB(07)ap/06 [and
various models]; Shafieloo MNRAS(07)ap
[reconstruction];
Sen & Scherrer PLB(08)ap/07 [and
weak energy condition].
@ And structure formation: Wetterich PRD(03);
Rasanen JCAP(08)-a0801, a0805-GRF.
References > s.a. cosmology [including
future]; cosmological models in general relativity [bounce];
geometry.
@ General: Criado & Alamo AJP(07)
[motion of photons and galaxies]; Linder a0801-RPP [rev].
@ Local effects: Ohanian AJP(00);
Bolen et al CQG(01)gq/00;
Davis et al AJP(03)ap/01 [red-/blueshift];
Domínguez & Gaite EPL(01)ap;
Price gq/05 [classical
atom]; Carrera & Giulini gq/06;
Adkins et al gq/06;
Sereno & Jetzer PRD(07)ap
[with dark matter and dark energy]; Balaguera-Antolinez & Nowakowski CQG(07)-a0704 [on
large-scale structure]; Faraoni & Jacques PRD(07)-a0707.
@ Expansion history: Linder
PRL(03)ap/02;
Shafieloo et al MNRAS(06)ap/05
[from supernova data]; Wang & Tegmark PRD(05)
[measurement method]; Sethi et al PLB(05)ap [viability
of linearly coasting model]; Linder PRD(05)ap [and
inhomogeneity growth history]; Izquierdo gq/06-in
[and relic gravitational waves]; Bonvin et al PRL(06)
[H(z) from luminosity distance dipole]; Nojiri & Odintsov
ht/06-in
[and reconstruction of modified gravity theory]; Schaefer ap/06/ApJ
[Hubble diagram to z > 6]; Linder a0711 [from
gravitational standard sirens]; Figueroa et al a0807 [and cosmological parameters]; > s.a. acceleration.
@ Expansion history, f(R) gravity: Amarzguioui
et al A&A(06)ap/05 [Palatini];
Fairbairn & Rydeck ap/07-JCAP.
@ Isotropy, spatial variation of H: Bochner ap/07-in;
Enqvist & Mattsson JCAP(07)
[and sn observations]; McClure & Dyer ap/07/NA
[statistically significant difference
of 9 km/s/Mpc seen]; Schwarz & Weinhorst a0706 [statistically significant N/S
difference at z < 0.2].
@ Related topics: Silverman AJP(86)
[apparent paradoxes]; Page gq/93 [apparent
superluminal expansion]; Goldhaber et al ap/96-in
[cosmological t dilation];
Feast ap/04-in
[distance indicators]; Scott & Frolop CJP(06)ap [coincidences];
Cooray & Caldwell PRD(06)
[complications from bulk motions]; Coley et al IJMPD(06)gq [observer
dependence]; Cattoen & Visser a0710-CQG
[expansions in powers of z]; Uzan et al PRL(08)
[time drift of cosmological redshift]; Guzzo et al nat(08)jan
+ news pw(08)jan
[redshift distortion].
@ Unconventional views: Petry ASS(97)
[redshift but no expansion]; Sumner ap/04 [contraction!];
Whiting ap/04/Obs
[meaning?]; Moret-Bailly ap/04 [no
expansion]; Leffert ap/05 [spatial
condensation]; Lineweaver & Davis SA(05)mar; Chodorowski ap/06;
Grøn
& Elgarøy AJP(07)ap/06 [response];
He ap/06 [flat
spacetime]; Abramowicz et al ap/06 [expansion
aot motion of galaxies is verifiable]; Francis et al a0707-PASA;
Lewis et al a0707-MNRAS
[counterargument]; Tomozawa a0710 [center
of expansion, from cmb dipole]; Cook & Burns a0803-AJP
[FRW with different interpretation]; > s.a. frw
models.
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2 jul 2008