QCD Phenomenology| QCD Phenomenology |
In General
> s.a. history of particle physics; QCD [vacuum, gluons,
finite temperature]; QCD effects [confinement, quark nuggets, etc].
* Idea: The main
strength of QCD is its general structure; It has had many qualitative
confirmations but (few quantitative ones since few calculations can be
analytically done), and reinforces the belief that elegance and uniqueness
are criteria for truth; 2002, Numerical lattice simulations are almost
able to make new predictions.
* Experimental evidence:
(1) Results from deep inelastic scattering (in the 1960s at SLAC); (2) The behavior
of the ratio R of the hadronic cross section over the μ-pair
production cross section in e+e− annihilations; (3) J/ψ
spectroscopy; (4) 1979, Discovery of gluons at DESY by TASSO and other experiments
at the PETRA collider.
* Features:
Fragmentation and Jets (> see Feynman-Fields
Model); Monte Carlo simulation of interactions, using the Lund model.
* Force: Because of confinement,
quark behavior can be modeled by a growing potential, e.g., like a spring.
@ General references: Potvin AS(91);
Dzierba et al AS(00);
Wilczek hp/02-proc,
AHP(03)phy/02;
Klempt & Zaitsev PRP(07) [glueballs, hybrids, multiquarks];
Hayes AS(08) [numerical results];
Brodsky a1010-conf [topics challenging conventional wisdom];
Satz IJMPA(13) [observables calculable in QCD and measurable in heavy-ion collisions];
Glozman IJMPA-a1907 [phases].
@ High-energy scattering: Munier PRP(09) [and statistical physics];
Stasto MPLA(11) [rev].
@ Astrophysics: Haskell et al PRL(07)-a0708
[constraints on neutron stars with crystalline colour superconducting cores from LIGO];
Jaffe et al PRD(09)
+ Perez Phy(09) [worlds with different quark masses];
Xu a1507-proc [strange matter].
@ Cosmology: Florkowski NPA(11)-a1008 [equation of state, and the early universe];
Berera et al a1508 [network of linked flux tubes and inflation];
Borsanyi et al a1606 [lattice QCD, equation of state and topological susceptibility].
@ Related topics: Lakhina & Swanson PLB(04) [gluonic van der Waals force];
Chandrasekharan & Strouthos PRL(05) [mean-field theory, failure for large N];
Cho et al ht/05 [effective potential];
Sorella BJP(06)ht/05-conf [gluon dynamical mass];
Acharya ht/06 [mass gap];
Ali & Kramer EPJH(11)-a1012 [jets];
Skands a1104-ln [and collider physics];.
> Related topics:
see Glueballs; hadrons [including
quarks]; Large-N Limit; Pomeron;
thermodynamics.
Quark-Gluon Plasma [term introduced in the late 1970s by
Edward Shuryak] > s.a. quantum-gravity phenomenology.
* Idea: A hypothetical hot, dense soup
of single quarks and gluons obtained at Tc
~ 100–200 MeV/nucleon, last believed to exist naturally in the first millionth
of a second after the Big Bang; Subsequently, as the universe expanded and cooled,
quarks assembled into mesons and baryons, held together by gluons.
* 2000: Experiment at CERN
claims to have produced it, but probably premature.
* 2001: The four detector groups
at RHIC (BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, and STAR) talk about indications.
* 2004: Many say that
Brookhaven's RHIC has "overwhelming" indications, but lab refuses to
officially announce.
* 2005: Brookhaven
results puzzling (events too explosive), and the consensus interpretation
is that the fireball is a (classical) liquid of strongly interacting
quarks and gluons, rather than a gas of weakly interacting quarks and gluons
[@ news pn(05)apr].
* 2005: BNL's
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) produces more evidence for
quark-gluon plasma [@ news pn(06)apr].
@ News: Collins & Reichert SA(00)mar [from CERN];
Quercigh & Rafelski pw(00)oct;
news pw(10)sep [signal at LHC?];
news pw(11)jun [temperature];
news pw(12)jan [copper-copper collisions at RHIC].
@ Books:
Letessier & Rafelski 02;
Yagi et al 06;
Satz 12.
@ General references: Antonov PLB(02)ht [loop space formulation];
Balakin a0710-proc;
Shuryak PPNP(09)-a0807 [strongly coupled];
Stephanov PRL(09)
+ Son Phy(09) [critical point];
Braun-Munzinger & Wambach RMP(09) [strongly interacting, phase diagram];
Shuryak Phy(10) [first results from the LHC];
Pratt PRL(12) [deconstructing the quark-gluon plasma].
@ Phenomenology: Davidson PhyE(10)-a0807 [as ideal classical fluid, and the early universe];
Petreczky Phy(12),
Ollitrault Phy(15) [fluidlike properties];
Rafelski & Birrell JPCS(14)-a1311 [and the early universe];
> s.a. equation of state.
"A quark-gluon plasma is a bit like pea soup. There aren't any peas in it." – comment on virtual gluons in pw(12)oct post.
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send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 14 nov 2020