Tests of General Relativity with Spinning Bodies| Tests of General Relativity with Spinning Bodies |
Lense-Thirring Effect > s.a. brans-dicke theory;
gravitomagnetism; Lense-Thirring
Metric; mach's principle.
* Idea: A gravitomagnetic effect,
consisting in the precession of the orbital plane (orbital angular momentum) of a
particle orbiting around a rotating mass (spin-orbital angular momentum coupling);
It does not depend on the inclination of the orbit.
* History:
Geodetic precession of the Moon orbit predicted by de Sitter in 1916, 2"/cy;
Lense 1917; Thirring 1918.
* Experiment: For the Moon, measured
2 ± 0.04"/cy; more experiments planned; 1998, Evidence for Earth
satellites and motion around neutron star / black hole; 2002, NASA-Stanford Gravity
Probe B (scheduled for launch this Fall, should measure precessions of 42 mas/yr) and
LAGEOS projects nearing completion; 2004, Gravity Probe B launched; 2004–2005,
Gravity Probe B data taking, with analysis scheduled to be completed in 2007; 2007,
Effect measured with a precision of 1%, 0.01% expected once certain torques on
apparatus are understood.
@ General references: Thirring & Lense PZ(18);
Braginsky et al PRL(84);
Landau & Lifshitz v2, pr104;
Adler & Silbergleit IJTP(00)gq/99;
Armitage & Natarajan ApJ(99)ap [accretion disks];
Iorio NCB(01)gq/99 [derivation];
Ciufolini GRG(04);
Ahluwalia-Khalilova GRG(04) [C-conjugation];
Embacher IJMPD(05) [rev];
Iorio IJMPD(08)gq/06 [proposal];
Ruffini & Sigismondi ed-03;
Cattani a1101 [pedagogical];
Haranas et al a1307 [and motion of celestial bodies];
Silenko PPNL(13)-a1408 [quantum-mechanical description];
Overduin CQG(15)-a1504 [rev];
Strokov & Khlghatyan GRG(19)-a1906 [in a strong field].
@ With Earth orbits: Ciufolini FP(86) [proposal];
Iorio CQG(02)gq [polar orbits];
Moreno et al a1311,
Iorio IJMPD(14)-a1311 [Galileo satellites].
@ Solar system experiments: Ciufolini PRL(86);
Bertotti et al PRL(87) [lunar perigee];
Ciufolini et al gq/97/Nat;
Iorio RNC(02)gq/01,
PLA(03)gq/02,
in(05)gq/03,
gq/04-in;
Iorio & Doornbos GRG(05)gq/04 [Jason-1];
Iorio NA(05)gq,
GRG(06)gq/05 [impact of Earth gravity measurements];
Iorio & Lainey IJMPD(05)gq [Galilean satellites of Jupiter];
Iorio IJMPD(07)gq/06 [Cassini and Saturn satellites];
Iorio CQG(06)gq [MGS and Mars, evidence];
Iorio in(07)gq,
comment Krogh CQG(07)ap
+ Iorio CEJP(09)gq/07,
and Sindoni et al gq/07
+ Iorio gq/07 [with MGS];
Murphy et al PRL(07) [and lunar orbit];
Iorio GRG(08)-a0803 [Mars mission],
PoS-a0905 [recent attemps];
Iorio et al ASS(10)-a1009 [rev];
Iorio a1109-wd [discrepancies in Mercury MESSENGER flybys].
@ With binary pulsars: O'Connell PRL(04)gq [proposal];
Stairs et al PRL(04) [measurement];
Hehl et al a1605-MG14.
@ LAGEOS: Iorio CQG(01)gq/00 [and the clock effect],
gq/04,
gq/04,
et al CQG(04)gq/02,
gq/04;
Iorio ASR(08)-a0802,
GRG(09)-a0803 [LARES];
Lucchesi & Peron PRL(10)
+ Rubincam Phy(10);
Ciufolini et al EPJC(19)-a1910 [LARES and LAGEOS].
@ Gravity Probe B: Will PRD(03)gq/02 [theory];
news NASA(04)apr [launch],
NASA(04)sep [data taking];
Bencze et al NPPS(07) [rev];
news pn(07)apr,
pw(07)apr [preliminary results];
"Forst" a0712 [criticism];
news pw(08)may [panel report];
Vető EJP(10) [pedagogical];
Everitt et al PRL(11)-a1105
+ news NASA(11)may,
sfn(11)may,
stanford(11)may,
nyt(11)may,
PT(11)jul
+ Will Phy(11) [results];
Adler CQG(15)-1405 [theoretical basis].
Lense-Thirring-Schiff Effect (frame dragging)
> s.a. gravitomagnetism; black-hole
phenomenology; mach's principle; CP violation.
* Idea: The precession of the
spin axis of an orbiting gyroscope; Analogous to the principle of equivalence,
in that all gyroscopes will precess equally; usually interpreted in Machian
terms, using the concept of "frame dragging"; The rate of precession
dΩ/dt depends on the orbital inclination.
* Observation, experiments:
1990, Precession of the spin of the binary pulsar observed; 1997, Observed
in the modulation of X-ray signals from neutron stars
[@ news pn(97)nov];
2004, Gravity Probe B space gyroscope mission launched;
2007, "Glimpses" of frame dragging effect seen in data;
Indirect evidence provided by LAGEOS; 2008, Double pulsar data confirm predictions
[@ news sr(08)jul];
> s.a. Non-Symmetric Gravity.
@ General references: Schiff PNAS(60);
Mashhoon et al GRG(84);
Rindler PLA(97) [interpretation];
Kalogera & Psaltis PRD(00)ap/99 [neutron stars];
Hernández-Pastora et al gq/00 [gyroscopes];
Holstein AJP(01)dec [simple];
Ciufolini eConf-gq/02 [experiments];
Ashby news Nat(04)oct;
Robertson gq/05
[compared to Newtonian gravity + special relativity];
O'Connell CQG(05)gq;
Epstein FP(08) [Hamiltonian approach];
Mirza IJTP(09)-a0808 [effect of charge];
Randono PRD(10)-a0906 [frame dragging by spinors];
Cattani a1101 [pedagogical];
Herrera Univ-a2102 [origin of vorticity];
> s.a. astrophysical and cosmological tests.
@ Observation: Cui et al ApJL(98)ap/97 [X-ray binaries];
Krishnan et al Sci(20)jan-a2001
+ news pt(20)feb [fast-rotating white dwarf in a binary pulsar].
Related Topics > see astrophysical and cosmological tests [strong-field tests, galactic center]; tests with orbiting bodies [satellites, perihelion advance].
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