|  Astrophysical Tests of General Relativity | 
In General
  > s.a. cosmological tests; phenomenology
  of higher-order gravity; tests of newtonian gravity.
  * Strong-gravity regime: Two
    approaches use observations of compact objects such as binary pulsars, and
    detection of gravitational waves.
  @ Reviews, books:
    Baryshev & Teerikorpi 11;
    Berti et al CQG(15)-a1501.
  @ General references: Bennett Sci(05)feb-ap;
    Jain & Zhang PRD(08);
    Mao PhD(08)-a0808;
    Uzan GRG(10)-a0908 [especially weak lensing];
    Daniel et al PRD(10)-a1002 [relations between different approaches];
    Jain & Khoury AP(10)-a1004;
    Song et al PRD(11) [weak lensing and peculiar velocity measurements];
    Linder PTRS(11)-a1103 [model-independent tests];
    Thomas a1107-proc;
    Ferraro AIP(12)-a1204 [f(R) and f(T) theories];
    Cabré et al JCAP(12) [screening map];
    Dossett & Ishak PRD(13)-a1311 [and dark-energy perturbations];
    Reverberi a1406-PhD.
  @ Solar-system tests: Chakraborty & Sengupta PRD(14)-a1208;
    Battista et al PRD(15)-a1507 [Earth-Moon Lagrangian points];
    Tartaglia et al MPLA(18)-a1801 [Lagrange points L1 and L2 of the Sun-Earth-satellite system];
    Magnani et al a1906-MG15 [quantum satellite technology];
    > s.a. MOND; solar system.
  @ Strong-gravity regime:
    Damour & Esposito-Farèse PRD(98)gq;
    Psaltis LRR(08),
    a0907-proc;
    Li et al PRD(12)-a1110,
    Sampson et al PRD(13)-a1303 [using compact binary coalescence];
    Will CQG(18)-a1801 [compact-body orbits];
    Sathyaprakash et al a1903-wp;
    Pérez & Romero a2001-in
      [f(R)-gravity and Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity];
    Cardoso et al a2009 [plasma effects].
Types of Astrophysical Systems
  > s.a. Chameleon Gravity; gravitomagnetism;
  massive gravity; White Dwarfs.
  * Black holes: One of the
    main ways to test general relativity (and to identify black holes) is
    to study their quasinormal frequency spectrum.
  @ Astrometry:  de Felice et al A&A(01);
    Vecchiato et al A&A(03)ap [microarcsec];
    Sigismondi NCB(05)ap;
    Crosta & Vecchiato a0901/PRD;
    Vecchiato et al JPCS(14)-a1312;
    O'Beirne & Cornish a1804 [and gravitational wave polarization].
  @ Black holes: Berti BJP(13)-a1302-TX [as consistency tests for general relativity and extensions of the theory];
    Suvorov & Melatos PRD(16)-a1512 [and no-hair, quasi-periodic oscillations of galactic microquasars];
    Yagi & Stein CQG(16)-a1602;
    Ghosh et al PRD(16)-a1602;
    Sakstein et al ApJL(17)-a1704 [supermassive];
    Tripathi et al ApJ(19)-a1811 [Kerr hypothesis];
    news sn(19)mar [upcoming observations with the Event Horizon Telescope];
    > s.a. black-hole hair and phenomenology.
  @ Black-hole no-hair tests: Johannsen & Psaltis ApJ(10)-a1003,
    ApJ(10)-a1005,
    ASR(11)-a1008,
    ApJ(11)-a1010,
    ApJ(13)-a1202 [images of black holes];
    Rodriguez et al PRD(12) [inspirals];
    Johannsen PRD(14)-a1501 [X-ray probes of accretion disks];
    Hoormann et al PRD(16)-a1601 [X-ray observations];
    Johannsen CQG(16)-a1602 [rev];
    > s.a. black-hole hair; supermassive black holes [Sgr A*].
  @ Near the Milky Way galactic center: Broderick & Loeb JPCS(06)ap [imaging of Sgr A*];
    Preto & Saha ApJ(09)-a0906,
    Angelil & Saha ASP-a1008 [stars];
    Psaltis et al ApJ(13)-a1212
      [effects on stars around Sgr A*, stellar winds and tidal dissipation];
    Capozziello et al PRD(14)-a1408 [stars];
    Johannsen et al PRL(16)-a1512 [shadow of Sgr A*];
    Johannsen CQG(16)-a1512 [Sgr A*, rev];
    Hees et al PRL(17)-a1705,
    a1705-proc [stellar orbits];
    Zakharov IJMPD-a1901-conf.
  @ Other galactic systems: Iorio NA(06)gq/05 [extrasolar planet HD 209458b];
    Jain & Vanderplas JCAP(11)-a1106;
    Ibata et al ApJ(11)-a1106 [globular cluster NGC 2419];
    Casanellas et al ApJ(12)-a1109 [using the Sun];
    news NRAO(13)apr [ns-wd binary];
    Vikram et al JCAP(13) [dwarf galaxies];
    Hellwing et al PRL(14)-a1401 [low-order moments of the pairwise velocity distribution];
    Sakstein PRD(15)-a1511 [brown dwarf radius and minimum mass for H burning];
    Desmond et al MNRAS(18)-a1705 [gravitational field of the local universe];
    Tarrant et al a1902-proc [Planck stars];
    Khalifeh & Jiménez a1912.
  @ Extragalactic systems:
    Kosowsky & Bhattacharya PRD(09)-a0907 [using galaxy-cluster velocities];
    Mastache et al PRD(13)-a1212 [nearby-galaxy rotation curves];
    Lüghausen et al MNRAS(13)-a1304 [polar ring galaxies];
    Hellwing et al PRL(14) [galaxy velocity field];
    Vikram et al PRD(18)-a1407 [rotation curves in dwarf galaxies];
    Ezquiaga & Zumalacárregui PRL(17)-a1710,
    Baker et al PRL(17)-a1710,
    news sn(17)oct,
    LSC & Virgo a1811 [neutron-star merger GW170817];
    Chen et al a1907
      [galaxy-galaxy weak lensing, and torsional gravity].
  > Other specific systems:
    see neutron stars and pulsars
\  phenomenology of gravity.
Gravitational Waves
  > s.a. gravitational-wave analysis [and specific modified-gravity theories].
  @  General references: Will PT(99)oct;
    Kahya PLB(11)-a1001 [guide for tests];
    Corda IJMPD(09),
    a1004-ch;
    Corda AIP(09)-a0907;
    Kant Mishra et al PRD(10)-a1005;
    Mirshekari et al a1110/PRD [Lorentz symmetry violation and speed of gravity];
    Chatziioannou et al PRD(12)-a1204 [extended post-Einsteinian framework, including polarization content];
    Vallisneri PRD(12);
    Arun & Pai IJMPD(13)-a1302;
    Yunes & Siemens LRR(13)-a1304 [ground-based interferometers and pulsar timing experiments];
    Kent FP(13)-a1304 [and semiclassical gravity];
    Callister et al PRX(17) [polarization, and stochastic gravitational-wave background];
    Nishizawa & Arai a1901 [framework];
    Giddings et al a1904 [strong-field deviations];
    O'Beirne et al a1904
      [using pulsar timing arrays and wave polarization];
    Isi et al PRL(19)-a1904 [hierarchical approach];
    Carson a2010-PhD,
    Carson & Yagi a2011-ch.
  @ From compact binaries: Yagi & Tanaka PRD(10)-a0906 [eccentric, precessing, with LISA];
    Del Pozzo et al PRD(11);
    Li et al JPCS(12)-a1111 [binary coalescence];
    Tso & Zanolin PRD(16)-a1509 [non-spinning binaries];
    Calabrese et al CQG(16)-a1602;
    LIGO & Virgo PRL(16)-a1602 [GW150914];
    Berti et al a1801-in,
    a1801-in [rev];
    Perkins et al PRD(21)-a2010 [the next generation].
  @ Gravitational-wave background: Callister et al PRX(17)-a1704;
    Saffer & Yagi PRD(20)-a2003.
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