Wave-Function Collapse in Quantum Mechanics| Wave-Function Collapse in Quantum Mechanics |
In General > s.a. classical limit of quantum theory.
* Idea: When a
quantum measurement is performed, and a certain eigenvalue of the
corresponding operator observed, the wave function "suddenly" turns
into a corresponding eigenvector; a.k.a. quantum-state reduction;
Wigner suggested that conscious observation causes collapse.
* "Reality": Is this a
physical process, or is it just related to our knowledge and description
of the system? The results on non-local correlations in moving frames
make it more difficult to consider the projection postulate as a
compact description of real collapses of the wave function.
> Related topics: see collapse
as a dynamical process [including state recovery]; decoherence;
locality and localization; measurement;
quantum experiments.
> Online resources:
see SEP page.
And Relativity, Covariant Form > s.a. causality violations.
* Status: Some relativistic
models entail excitation of nuclear states which exceeds that of experiment.
* And causality: Despite some
claims, it is well known that the process of wave packet reduction cannot
be used for superluminal communication.
* Hellwig-Kraus reduction: The
wave function is collapsed along the boundary of the past of the measurement.
@ General references: Aharonov & Albert PRD(81) [non-local measurements without violating causality];
Mielnik FP(90) [collapse cannot be consistently introduced];
Pearle in(90),
in(92);
Finkelstein PLA(00) [projection];
Ghirardi qp/00;
Srikanth qp/01,
Gambini & Porto PLA(02)qp/01,
NJP(03) [covariant];
Zbinden et al PRA(01) [non-local correlations in moving frames];
Myrvold SHPMP(02) [compatible];
Socolovsky NCB(03);
Byun FP(04);
Jadczyk AIP(06)qp;
Blood a1004 [relativistic consistency];
Wen a1008 [and path integrals];
da Silva et al IJMPB(13)-a1012 [observer independence];
Lin AP(12)-a1104 [atom + quantum field model];
Bedingham et al JSP(14)-a1111;
Ohanian a1703 [past-light cone collapse];
Myrvold PRA(17)-a1709 [need for non-standard degrees of freedom].
@ For quantum field theory:
Bedingham JPA(07),
FP(11) [stochastic model].
@ Relativistic GRW mechanism: Tumulka JSP(06)qp/04,
AIP(06)qp,
FP(07)qp/06;
Conway & Kochen FP(06) [not possible],
FP(07)qp [reply to comments].
Models
* Spontaneous collapse models:
They add a non-linear noise term to the Schrödinger equation and extract
definite measurement outcomes either from the wave function (mass density ontology)
or the noise itself (flash ontology); They can be Markovian or non-Markovian.
@ Models: Bussey PLA(93) [phonon model];
Assing & Hilbert a1405 [damped, driven];
Ho et al NJP(16)-a1504 [classically driven mechanical oscillator].
@ Spontaneous collapse models:
Berg hp/96 [phenomenological];
Diósi a1710-ch [intro];
Tilloy & Wiseman a2105 [recast as Bohmian theories].
@ Stochastic: Diósi JPA(88);
Jibu et al PLA(90);
Brody & Hughston JMP(02) [as simulation],
JPA(06)qp/05 [quantum noise],
JMP(05) [finite-time];
Brusheim-Johansson & Hansson qp/06 [chaotic].
@ Lattice, numerical: Dowker & Henson JSP(04)qp/02;
Dowker & Herbauts CQG(04)qp,
FPL(05)qp/04 [causal, 1+1 null lattice];
Bassi & Ippoliti PRA(04)qp/03 [2-level system];
Gao PRS(13)-a1304 [discrete energy-conserving model].
@ Tests of collapse models: Bahrami et al PRL(14) [non-interferometric];
Adler & Vinante PRA(18)-a1801 [bulk heating effects];
Chelvaniththilan a2010.
References
> s.a. axioms [projection postulate]; many-worlds
interpretation; quantum information (transfer).
@ I: news pw(07)aug [for light, step-by-step].
@ General: Bussey PLA(84);
Home & Whitaker PLA(86),
comment Hnizdo PLA(87);
Pearle in(86);
Damnjanović PLA(88) [as phase transition];
Home & Whitaker PLA(88);
Krips BJPS(88);
Van Kampen PhyA(88);
Ballentine FP(90) [projection postulate],
PRA(91) [criticism of some thories];
Gottfried in(90);
Namiki et al PLA(94);
Fioroni & Immirzi gq/94;
Kadomtsev & Kadomtsev SPU(96) [rev];
Ozawa AP(97)qp,
qp/97-conf,
FdP(98)qp/97 [operational];
Nakhmanson qp/02 [local-realistic];
Zurek PRA(07)qp/07 [information transfer and origin of quantum jumps];
Socolovsky a0806 [geometrical point of view];
Omnès a0911 [derivation of reduction],
FP(11)-a1105 [and decoherence];
Hegerfeldt & Sala Mayato PRA(12)-a1111 [Lüders vs von Neumann reduction];
't Hooft a1112;
Hájíček a1311;
Singh CS-a1810 [non-technical rev].
@ Not needed, not physical: Fox AJP(83)jan [joint probability operators];
Keller AJP(90)aug [and probabilities];
Zeh PLA(93);
Griffiths PRA(02) [resolving paradoxes];
Schlosshauer AP(06)qp/05 [evidence];
Blood a0808 [difficulties of collapse view];
Wechsler a1002 [the other branches don't disappear];
Stoica QSMF(17)-a1607;
> s.a. interpretations [statistical].
@ Unitarity: Zurek PRA(13)-a1212 [and repeatability of measurements];
Moldoveanu a1305 [unitary realization].
@ And consciousness: Thaheld BioSys(05)qp;
Acacio de Barros & Oas a1609;
Okon & Sebastián Syn-a1801 [consciousness-based model];
Kent a2009;
Chalmers & McQueen a2105-in [with theory of consciousness and quantum collapse dynamics].
@ Conceptual: Landsberg & Home AJP(87)mar [and the statistical interpretation];
Svetlichny a1104 [and the subjective world];
Cowan & Tumulka BJPS(16)-a1307 [epistemology];
Srikanth a2008 [operational reality, signaling and locality];
Castellani a2011
[as collapse of histories rather than collapse of states];
Wechsler JQIS-a2102 [critical discussion of interpretations];
> s.a. Individuality.
@ And measurement: Gambini qp/98;
Gangat PRA(13)-a1303 [observing controlled quantum state collapse];
Bera & Bera a1910 [quantum measurement without collapse];
> s.a. types of measurement [continuous].
@ Related topics: Clarke IJTP(73) [quantum theory with smooth collapse];
Scully et al PRP(78) [Stern-Gerlach example];
Pearle FP(82) [and the gambler problem];
Cini & Lévy-Leblond ed-90 [no reduction];
Gisin PLA(91) [entangled states and non-locality];
Diósi cm/94 [permanent];
Suarez PLA(98)qp [simultaneity];
Isham IJTP(06)qp/05,
IJTP(06) [topos perspective];
Yun a1310 [collapse without external observer];
Samarin a1507 [non-mechanical nature of collapse];
> s.a. observers [without observers].
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