In General > s.a. quantum field
theory phenomenology [negative
energies];
vacuum.
* Idea: The QED prediction
that the vacuum is modified by the presence of boundaries, which has observable
effects; For example, two conducting uncharged
infinite parallel plates will feel an attractive force due to vacuum
fluctuations
of the field, since there are more possible zero-point fluctuations
outside the plates.
* Consequences: Tiny
as it is, the Casimir effect causes parts in nano- and microelectromechanical
systems (NEMS and MEMS) to stick together; Therefore, it confounds tabletop
experimental efforts to detect exotic new forces beyond those predicted by
Newtonian gravity and the Standard Model of particle physics.
* Calculation: One calculates
the stress tensor for the quantized electromagnetic field in the region of
interest.
* Value: For plate separation 1 micron, the force is
13
N/m2.
* Scharnhorst effect:
The anomalous, faster than c propagation of
photons in the Casimir vacuum; > s.a. causality
violations.
@ Reviews, intros: Kleppner PT(90)oct; Milton ht/98-in
[history], 01; Bordag et al PRP(01)qp;
Lambrecht pw(02)sep;
Milton JPA(04)ht [progress,
rev]; Nesterenko et al RNC(04)ht/05 [recent
results]; Klimchitskaya & Mostepanenko CP(06);
Farina BJP(06)ht;
Lamoreaux PT(07)feb;
Mostepanenko qp/07-in;
issue JPA(08)#16.
@ Reviews, measurements: Lamoreaux
qp/99, AJP(99)RL; Klimchitskaya
& Mostepanenko
CP(06)qp.
@ Related topics: Casimir PKNAW(48);
Sparnaay Phy(58);
Israelachvili & Tabor PRS(72);
Milonni PRA(82)
[without vacuum radiation field]; Plunien et al PRP(86);
Belinfante AJP(87);
Elizalde NCB(89); Calucci JPA(92)
[moving bodies]; Mostepanenko & Trunov
97; Milton ht/99-in, ht/00;
Matloob PRA(99)
[conducting plates]; Herdegen
APPB(01)ht/00;
Milton PRD(03)ht/02 [validity];
Valeri & Scharf qp/05 [microscopic
theory]; Jaffe PRD(05)
[vacuum and forces between charges]; Milton et al ht/06-in
[Green function approach]; Bachas JPA(07)
[sign of force]; Rodríguez et
al a0705 [numerical,
arbitrary geometries
and materials]; news pw(07)jul
[made repulsive by lens]; Milonni PS(07).
Special Topics > s.a. cosmological
constant; inertia; sound.
* At finite temperature:
2008, Different theoretical approaches lead to very different predictions
for the magnitude of the effect, and no consensus exists yet on the interpretation
of recent absolute measurements of the Casimir force.
@ And boundary conditions: Ravndal hp/00-in;
Graham et al NPB(02), NPB(04)ht/03 [Dirichlet],
comm Milton ht/04-in;
Nesterenko ht/05-in
[at spatial infinity].
@ T dependence: Genet et al PRA(00);
Svetovoy & Lokhanin
PLA(01)qp;
Klimchitskaya & Mostepanenko PRA(01)qp;
Cheng JPA(02)
[rectangular cavity]; Brevik et al qp/03-in,
PRE(05)qp/04 [in
metals]; Høye et al qp/05;
Brevik & Aarseth JPA(06);
Brevik et al NJP(06)qp [T corrections];
Jáuregui et al AP(06)
[rectangular cavity]; Lamoreaux a0801;
Brevik & Milton a0802;
Bimonte a0807 [superconducting cavity].
@ Measurements: Mohideen & Roy PRL(98)phy;
Roy et al PRD(99)qp;
Harris et al qp/00;
Bressi et al PRL(02)qp;
Chen et al PRA(04)qp [and
errors]; Lisanti et al PNAS(05)qp [skin
depth effect]; Klimchitskaya et al IJMPA(05),
JPA(06)in,
Chen et al IJMPA(05)
[and long-range gravity]; Krause et al PRL(07)
[beyond the proximity-force spproximation]; Obrecht et al PRL(07)
+ pn(07)feb
[T-dependence];
Munday & Capasso PRA(07)-a0705
+ pw(07)jun
[in a fluid]; Esquivel-Sirvent a0708-JAP
[reduction using aerogels].
@ Stress-energy tensor between plates: DeWitt in(79); Gibbons in(79);
> s.a. energy conditions.
@ Classical analog: Boersma AJP(96)
[ships at sea]; news pw(08)jan [critical Casimir effect].
@ Scharnhorst effect: Scharnhorst AdP(98)ht;
Liberati et al PRD(01)qp/00;
Barone & Farina PRD(05)ht/04 [2-parameter L];
> s.a. causality violations.
@ Radiative corrections: Kong & Ravndal PRL(97)qp; Melnikov
PRD(01).
@ Thermal corrections: Mitter & Robaschik EPJB(00)qp/99;
Mostepanenko et al qp/05-in
[rev]; Geyer et al IJMPA(06).
@ Other topics: Golestanian & Kardar PRL(97)qp [path
integral formulation]; Hofmann et al EPJC(99)ht/98 [bag
model]; Feinberg et al AP(01)ht/99 [classical
limit]; Hagen qp/01 [cutoff,
Lorentz invariant]; Scardicchio & Jaffe
NPB(05), NPB(06)
[optical approach]; Gies & Klingmüller PRL(06)
[edge effects].
In Gravitation and Cosmology > s.a. cosmological
acceleration; equivalence
principle; kaluza-klein.
* Idea: It has been invoked
as a stabilization mechanism for the internal Kaluza-Klein dimensions; May
occur in cosmology if the cosmological constant originates from zero-point
energy; Used as a force between defects and branes.
@ General references: Elizalde ht/03-in
[cosmological constant]; Scardicchio PRD(05)ht [codimension > 1];
Sorge CQG(05)
[gravitational correction].
@ In R × S3:
Brevik et
al AP(02)ht;
Elizalde & Tort MPLA(04)ht/03 [massive
scalar].
@ Qg-motivated: Harbach & Hossenfelder PLB(06)ht/05, ht/05-in,
Nouicer JPA(05)ht [and
minimal length]; Casadio et al a0704 [non-commutative
spacetime].
@ Related topics: Borman & Antonsen ht/96-in;
Kong & Ravndal
qp/97, qp/97 [with
boundary, regularized]; Khabibullin et al CQG(06)
[wormhole].
Other Situations > s.a. quantum
systems [H atom between plates]; sonoluminescence; sound [acoustic
analog].
* Dynamical:
Motion-induced photon creation from the quantum vacuum inside closed,
perfectly conducting cavities with time-dependent geometries;
Related to the Unruh effect; An example is the electromagnetic radiation
of moving gravitating bodies (> gravitating
matter).
@ Dynamical: Schützhold et al PRA(98)qp [response
theory approach]; Dalvit & Mazzitelli PRA(98)qp/97 [renorm
group]; Golestanian & Kardar PRA(98)qp [pi
approach]; Plunien et al PRL(00)qp/99 [finite
T]; Fedotov et al JOB(05)
[instantaneous approximation]; Dalvit et al JPA(06)qp [different
geometries]; Haro & Elizalde PRL(06)ht,
PRD(07)-a0705 [Hamiltonian
approach]; Haro IJTP(07), IJTP(07)
[scalar fields]; > s.a. mirrors.
@ Spherical: Nesterenko & Pirozhenko PRD(98)ht/97;
Bowers & Hagen
PRD(99)ht/98;
Esposito et al ht/98;
Hagen PRD(00)ht/99; Cognola et al JPA(01)ht/99; Høye
et al PRE(01)qp/00 [dielectrics].
@ Cylinders: Gosdzinsky & Romeo PLB(98)ht [infinite];
Mazzitelli et al qp/02 [concentric];
Dalvit et al PRA(06) [eccentric].
@ Other geometry: Brevik & Lygren AP(96)
[conducting wedge]; Emig et al PRL(01)
[shape dependence]; Boyer AJP(03)qp/02 [1D
model]; Büscher & Emig
PRA(04)
[periodic]; Balian & Duplantier qp/04-in
[arbitrary]; Hoodbhoy JPA(05)qp/04 [single
plate in external V]; Ahmedov & Duru JMP(05)
[conical]; Kenneth & Klich PRL(06)qp [reflection];
Ahmadi & Nouri-Zonoz NPB(06)
[flat spaces of non-trivial topology]; Schaden ht/06 [shape
dependence, semiclassical]; Emig et al PRL(07)
[arbitrary compact objects]; Pirozhenko & Lambrecht PRA(08)-a0801 [finite-thickness
slabs].
@ In dielectrics: Molina-París & Visser PRD(97)ht;
Ford PRA(98)qp [sphere
and wall]; Helfer & Lang JPA(99)ht/98 [half
space]; Brevik & Pettersen
AP(01)qp [wedge];
Sopova & Ford PRD(05)qp [between
half-spaces, finite reflectivity].
@ Other materials: Scandurra ht/03 [non-ideal
conductor]; Noguez & Román-Velázquez
PRB(04)qp/03 [different
materials, and geometry]; Bimonte et al PRL(05)
[superconducting film and measurement of variation]; Kolomeisky et al a0706 [1D free fermion gas].
@ For fermions: Santos & Tort qp/02;
Queiroz et al AP(05)ht/04
[with thermofield dynamics].
@ Other fields: Ostrowski FPL(05) [tachyons].
@ Casimir-Polder force:
Dalvit et al PRL(08)
[between atom and corrugated surface]; Buhmann & Scheel a0803 [vs thermal Casimir
force].
@ Related topics: Jaekel & Reynaud JdP(92)qp/01,
JdP(93)qp/01 [motional];
Kenneth & Nussinov
PRD(02)ht/99 [small
object limit]; Svetovoy & Lokhanin MPLA(00)qp [in
Au, detailed]; Avagyan et al PRD(02)ht [in
Fulling-Rindler vacuum]; Ostrowski APPB(06)ht/05 [external
magnetic field]; Alnes et al PRD(06)qp [with
extra dimensions].
Main page – Abbreviations – Journals – Comments – Other
sites – Acknowledgements
Send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – Modified
20 jul 2008