|  Quantum Cosmology | 
In General > s.a. cosmological effects of quantum gravity;
  formalism and techniques; models and phenomenology [including other theories].
  * And quantum mechanics:
    Quantum cosmology is becoming a new basis for quantum theory; One cannot
    follow the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, because there
    are no classical observers here (measurement cannot have the same preferred
    role) and there is the problem of time; One possible way out is to take
    quantum mechanics seriously and include the observer (Everett, then extended
    by others); In some limit the Copenhagen interpretation then follows [for a
    criticism of this, @ Smolin pr(88)].
  * Features: The topology
    of the universe is dynamical, especially before tP;
    It predicts fine tuning of the constants of nature.
  > Online resources: see
    DAMTP page;
    Wikipedia page.
Conceptual Aspects and Interpretation
  > s.a. multiverse [including measure].
  * Interpretation: The main
    general issue is what to make of the quantum state if all we can ever observe
    is one universe; Other issues are that we –the observers– are
    located inside the universe –the system–, and the problem of
    time and observables.
  @ Interpretation:
    Tipler PRP(86),
    in(86);
    Drees IJTP(87);
    Wada MPLA(88);
    Page in(91) [density matrix];
    Wald in(91) [and time];
    Parentani PRD(97)gq;
    Dzhunushaliev CQG(98)
      [Kolmogorov's algorithmic complexity];
    Rubakov gq/99-conf;
    Carter IJTP(04)ht-conf [anthropic];
    Longpré & Kreinovich IJTP(08) [algorithmic information theory];
    Castagnino et al a1412;
    Hartle & Hertog a1503-proc [first-person probabilities];
    He et al PLB(15)-a1507;
    Bolotin FP(16)-a1512 [constructibility];
    Shestakova Univ(20)-a1809 [Copenhagen interpretation, applicability];
    > s.a. decoherence above; pilot-wave interpretation;
      Relational Formulation.
  @ Other interpretations: Fink & Leschke FPL(00)qp;
    Page AIP(99)gq/00 [many-worlds];
    > s.a. minisuperspace.
  @ Philosophical aspects: Smith PhSc(88)mar;
    Smith & Weingard PhSc(90)dec;
    Craig BJPS(92),
    BJPS(93);
    Smith BJPS(94).
  @ Other conceptual aspects: Sorkin IJTP(00)gq-talk [and fundamental structure];
    Page a0907 [state of the universe and observations].
Other References
  > s.a. lqc; quantum gravity;
  path-integral quantum gravity; semiclassical cosmology.
  @ First investigations: DeWitt PR(67);
    Wheeler in(68);
    Misner PR(69),
    in(70).
  @ General references: Clarke PhSc(74);
    Greenberger FP(83) [model theory];
    Page PRD(86);
    Hartle in(88);
    Moss AIHP(88);
    Vilenkin PRD(88);
    Gibbons & Grishchuk NPB(89);
    Kiefer AP(91);
    Cavaglià gq/93 [and Kantowski-Sachs spacetime];
    Page gq/95-ln;
    Bojowald gq/03-conf;
    Eakins PhD(04)gq [pure state];
    Tetteh-Lartey a0709
      [input from perturbative and non-perturbative approaches];
    Bojowald et al a1005-MG12 [approaches, debate];
    Kiefer FP(10);
    Robles-Pérez a1812-in;
    Peter Univ(18)-a1902 [trajectory approach];
    Frion a2010-PhD [Hamiltonian approach];
    Hartle a2103 [emergent classical physics].
  @ I: Boslough 85;
    Waldrop Sci(88)dec;
    Hawking 88;
    Novikov 90;
    Halliwell SA(91)dec;
    Bojowald SA(08)oct [bounce];
    Hawking 08;
    Vidotto SA-a1110 [generally covariant path integral].
  @ Books: Fang & Ruffini ed-87;
    Simeone 02 [path integral];
    Montani et al 09;
    Bojowald 11;
    Calcagni 17;
    Montani et al 17.
  @ Reviews: Hawking in(84),
    in(86),
    in(87);
    Hartle in(86);
    Halliwell IJMPA(90) [refs],
    in(91)-a0909,
    in(92);
    Page in(91);
    Grishchuk CQG(93);
    Vilenkin NYAS(93)gq,
    PRD(94)gq,
    gq/95-ln;
    Atkatz AJP(94)jul;
    Page gq/95-ln;
    Hartle in(96)gq,
    in(98)gq/97;
    Kiefer LNP(00)gq/99 [conceptual];
    Barvinsky gq/01-MG9;
    Wiltshire in(96)gq/01;
    Christodoulakis LNP(02)gq/01;
    Halliwell gq/02-proc;
    Hartle in(03)gq/02;
    Page in(03)ht/06;
    Esposito gq/06-MGXI;
    Kiefer & Sandhöfer ch-a0804;
    Calcagni et al ed-13;
    Bojowald RPP(15)-a1501 [emphasizing the importance of inhomogeneity].
  @ Time: Bojowald & Halnon PRD(18)-a1612;
    Rotondo & Nambu a1901 [matter clock time];
    Höhn Univ(19)-a1811;
    Cherkas & Kalashnikov a2005 [the problem is illusive].
  @ Lorentzian: Cline PLB(89);
    Farhi PLB(89);
    Duncan & Jensen NPB(89);
    Suen & Young PRD(89);
    Brown & Martinez PRD(90);
    Pešić NCB(93) [re Euclideanizing];
    Altshuler & Barvinsky SPU(96);
    Feldbrugge et al PRD(17)-a1703 [argument in favor];
    Díaz Dorronsoro et al PRD(17)-a1705 [no-boundary wave function].
  @ Effective theory: Bojowald JPCS(12)-a1206,
    CQG(12)-a1209;
    Li et al PRD(18)-a1801 [effective Hamiltonian and dynamics from lqg];
    Bojowald Univ(19)-a1906 [averaging volume for minisuperspace models, infrared renormalization].
  @ Related topics:
    Hartle in(91)gq/05;
    Szydłowski & Golbiak G&C(10)ap/06 [Fomin's quantum cosmogenesis];
    Krauss et al IJMPD(09)-a0810 [and late-time vacuum decay];
    Czachor & Posiewnik IJTP(16)-a1312 [expansion and wavepacket spreading].
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