Types of Stars| Types of Stars |
In General > s.a. astronomy [X-ray]; history
of astronomy; neutron stars [and pulsars]; star properties [masses].
* Classification: Stars are
classified by their position on the HR diagram, in terms of L and
T; Their mass and age and determined from those properties.
* Population I: Located
in the galactic disk, they contain many heavy elements.
* Population II: In the
nucleus and halo, spherically distributed, few heavy elements.
* Population III: Primordial,
first-generation stars with almost no heavy elements; Probably dominated by
very massive stars, because collapsing clouds with no heavy elements would
not undergo fragmentation; 2007, No confirmed population III star known; The
ones that are near enough to be seen may all have exploded long ago; One can
look for them (statistically) using the cosmic IR background;
> s.a. globular clusters.
* Binaries: Visual ones have P
~ 70 yr, ε ~ 0.5, sp class F5–G0; Spectroscopic ones P
around 9d; Eclipsing ones P ~ 2–3 d, ε ~ 0, sp class
B–A.
@ General references:
Peletier a1210-proc [stellar populations];
Massey a1305-NAR [massive stars in the Local Group].
@ Individual stars:
Wielen et al A&A-ap/00 [Polaris];
Kaler 02 [the 100 most interesting ones, r pw(02)oct];
Richichi & Roccatagliata A&A(05)ap [Aldebaran];
Martins a1404-ch [properties of very massive stars].
@ Binaries: Terrell et al 92 [pictorial atlas];
Verbunt ap/04-conf [and interferometry];
Lada ApJL(06)ap [binary/single rate];
Southworth a1201-conf [eclipsing];
Sana et al Sci(12)jul-a1207 [effect on evolution of massive stars];
news IfA(12)dec [how wide binary stars form];
Kochanek et al MNRAS(15)-a1405 [mergers];
news pt(19)jul [a 7-min white-dwarf eclipsing binary].
@ Compact binaries: Nelemans PT(06)jul;
Postnov & Yungelson LRR(06) [evolution];
Benacquista & Downing LRR(13)-a1110 [in globular clusters];
Piran et al MNRAS(13)-a1204 [electromagnetic signatures of mergers];
Geier et al AN(12)-a1206 [unseen massive compact companions of underluminous stars].
@ The first stars:
Larson in(00)ap/99;
Larson & Bromm SA(01)dec;
Beers Nat(03)ap;
Bromm & Larson ARAA(04)ap/03;
Scannapieco et al NAR(06)ap/05-proc [detection];
Naoz et al MNRAS(06)ap;
Silk & Langer MNRAS(06)ap [usual mass range];
Tornatore et al MNRAS(07)-a0707 [fate of population III stars];
Johnson et al IAU(07)-a0802;
Trenti et al ApJ(08)-a0807;
Bromm et al Nat(09)may-a0905;
Begelman MNRAS(10)-a0910 [supermassive];
Pettini PRS(11) [quasar absorption features];
Visbal et al Nat(12)jul-a1201;
Wise a1201-proc [rev];
Frebel & Bromm PT(12)apr [in the outskirts of the Milky Way];
Glover a1209-ch;
Whalen a1209-conf;
Bromm RPP(13)-a1305;
news pt(14)feb ["stellar archaeology"];
Maio a1606-proc;
> s.a. early-universe cosmology.
@ Triple systems: Zasche et al a1407 [V819 Her, V2388 Oph, and V1031 Ori].
Variable Stars
> s.a. astrophysics [star formation and evolution]; supernovae.
* Cepheids: Bright variable stars,
with periods of days to weeks and a useful period-luminosity relationship.
* P Cygni Stars: Erratic stars,
which emit mildly gas shells.
* RR Lyrae: Old, variable
stars, distributed in the nucleus and in the halo of our galaxy.
* Wolf-Rayet: Erratic
stars with strong He, He+ and
N++ emission lines, from envelopes
of ejected matter.
@ General references:
Hoffmeister et al 85 [text];
Shears JBAA-a1109 [work by E E Markwick];
Handler et al IAU-a1111 [rev];
Percy et al a1202 [high-school student projects on RR Lyrae stars];
Feast & Whitelock IAU(13)-a1310 [and galactic astronomy].
@ Cepheids: Buchler IAP-ap/97 [rev];
Tanvir ap/98-in [as candles];
Lanoix et al MNRAS(99)ap [calibration];
Ngeow et al MNRAS(05)ap [non-linearity of P-L relation];
Macri ap/05-conf [in the Milky Way galaxy, Magellanic Clouds];
Storm ap/05-conf [and RR Lyrae, as distance indicators];
Vilardell et al A&A(07)-a0707 [in M31];
Kovacs a0802-proc [metallicity];
Madore & Freedman ApJ(09)-a0902 [slope of period-luminosity relation];
Bono et al ApJ(10)-a1004 [distance scale];
Williams & Saladyga 11;
Learned et al CP(12) [the Cepheid galactic internet];
Pasachoff & Mativi TPT(20) [demonstrating the cosmic distance ladder];
> s.a. civilizations [communication].
@ Other variable stars: news sn(18)jan [Tabby's star flickers because of dust].
Other Types > s.a. star clusters;
Brown Dwarves; White Dwarves.
* Strange stars: Objects
consisting of strange matter, a soup of unbound up, down and strange quarks.
* Novae: Eruptions occurring in
binary star systems containing a white dwarf star; There are an estimated 50 or
so novae per year in the Milky Way galaxy, of which only 10 or so are discovered;
The nearest ones can be seen with the naked eye.
@ Strange stars: Madsen PRL(98);
Chakrabarty pw(00)feb [candidate];
Dey et al ap/00;
Bombaci & Datta ApJL(00)ap [and GRBs];
Bombaci ap/00-conf;
Bombaci et al ApJ(00)ap;
Xu IAU-ap/02 [rev];
news sr(06)dec;
news pw(10)oct [and dark matter].
@ Novae: Yang et al A&A(05)ap [Korean records];
Mukai a1407-proc [recurrent];
Mukai & Sokoloski PT(19)nov [better understanding].
@ Other: Leggett et al ap/04-proc [beyond M].
> Compact objects: see black holes;
neutron stars.
> Hypothetical objects:
see dark-matter phenomenology [dark stars];
matter [mirror stars]; astronomical objects [boson stars];
Q-Stars; solitons.
main page
– abbreviations
– journals – comments
– other sites – acknowledgements
send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 14 jan 2020