Anomalous Spacecraft Acceleration (Pioneer Effect)| Anomalous Spacecraft Acceleration (Pioneer Effect) |
In General
> s.a. tests of general relativity with orbits.
* 2001: Seen
in Pioneer 10/11 data, value aP
= (8.74 ± 1.25) × 10−8
cm/s2, directed toward the Sun.
* 2002–2004: Blueshift
of frequency of (5.99 ± 0.01) × 10−9 Hz/s, interpreted
as an additional acceleration (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10−8 and
(8.60 ± 1.34) × 10−8 cm/s2,
no consensus yet on explanation despite a persistent interest.
* 2005: Older Pioneer tracking
data will be reanalyzed in search of earlier signs of this effect.
* 2007: The cause remains
unknown, although radiant heat remains a likely origin; Improved bounds
on violations of Newton's second law.
* 2008: Anomaly of 13
mm/s seen in NEAR asteroid rendezvous spacecraft; JPL scientists working
on analysis of Rosetta spacecraft.
* 2009: The cause remains
unknown, although radiant heat remains a likely origin.
* 2011: Asymmetric radiant
heat appears to be the most likely origin.
* 2012: Anisotropic thermal
radiation is confirmed as the explanation for the effect
[@ blog ps(12)apr]; Alternative proposal based on asymptotically FLRW model.
* Objects in which it has been seen:
Pioneer 10 & 11 spacecraft, NASA's Galileo and the joint ESA-NASA Ulysses
spacecraft; But not on the Voyaget 1 & 2, because they are three-axis stabilized,
as opposed to spin-stabilized, and their thrusters introduce additional accelerations that
overwhelm this tiny effect (and also not on planets or minor planets!); NEAR.
@ Overviews: Martin Nieto et al AIP(05)gq/04 [and tests];
Turyshev et al pw(04)sep,
gq/05-proc,
EAS(06)gq/05,
IJMPD(06)gq/05;
Martin Nieto & Anderson CQG(05)gq [and early data],
CP(07)-a0709 [rev];
Reynaud & Jaekel IJMPD(07)gq/06 [and modified gravity];
Martin Nieto epn(06)gq/07;
Turyshev ps(07);
de Diego RMAA-a0807-conf;
de Diego & Núñez RMCG-a0807-in;
Turyshev & Toth SSR(09)-a0906 [new data, and New Horizons],
LRR(10)-a1001 [rev].
@ Analysis: Anderson et al PRL(98)gq
+ pn(98)sep,
PRD(02)gq/01;
Turyshev et al gq/99-conf;
Markwardt gq/02/PRD;
Toth & Turyshev CJP(06)gq [status];
Unzicker & Schmidle gq/07 [code for quick check];
Turyshev & Toth a0710-conf,
AIP(08)-a0710;
Levy et al ASR(09)-a0809 [periodic anomalies];
Toth IJMPD(09)-a0901 [independent analysis];
Turyshev et al PRL(11) [time variation].
@ And other objects: Iorio & Giudice NA(06)gq [not for outer planets],
in(08)gq/06 [Lense-Thirring for MGS, and outer planets],
gq/06 [Uranus, Neptune, and Voyager 2];
Iorio JGPO(07)-a0712 [Jupiter and Saturn];
news pn(08)feb [NEAR asteroid rendevous spacecraft];
Iorio IJMPD(09)-a0806;
Iorio MNRAS(10)-a0912 [Neptune satellites];
Bertolami et al PRD(14) [Cassini spacecraft].
@ Proposed tests: Anderson et al IJMPD(02)gq;
Martin Nieto & Turyshev CQG(04)gq/03;
Rathke ap/04-conf [Pluto orbiter];
Turyshev et al ASR(07)gq/04;
Bertolami & Páramos gq/04-conf [rev],
IJMPD(07)gq-conf [mission];
Page et al ApJ(06)ap/05 [using minor planets];
Izzo & Rathke JSR(06)ap/05 [options];
Dittus et al ESA-gq/05-conf;
Martin Nieto PLB(08)-a0710 [New Horizons].
> Online resources:
see Planetary Society page.
Proposed Explanations > s.a. brans-dicke phenomenology;
Conformal Gravity.
@ General references: Anderson et al PRL(99)gq,
PRL(99)gq [responses];
Mbelek & Lachièze-Rey gq/99/PRD [scalar field];
Crawford ap/99/PRL [interactions of traveling signals];
Rosales FP(06)qp/05 [cosmological geometric phase];
Tangen PRD(07)gq/06 [motion is non-geodesic].
@ Heat, radiation: Katz PRL(99)gq/98;
Murphy PRL(99)gq/98;
Scheffer PRD(03)gq/01,
gq/01 [anisotropic];
news S&T(08)apr;
Bertolami et al PRD(08)-a0807,
SSR(10)-a0809-conf;
Francisco et al PLB(12)-a1103 [modeling the reflective thermal contribution];
Rievers & Lämmerzahl AdP(11)-a1104;
Turyshev et al PRL(11)
+ prf(11)aug [most likely asymmetric heat radiation],
PRL(12)-a1204 [anisotropic thermal radiation];
Bertolami et al a1211-proc,
Modenini & Tortora PRD(14)-a1311 [the whole anomalous acceleration can be explained by thermal effects].
@ Kuiper Belt gravity: de Diego et al IJMPD(06)ap/05;
Martin Nieto PRD(05)ap,
Bertolami & Vieira CQG(06)ap/05 [no].
@ Other conventional physics: Guruprasad ap/99 [gravitational tides on spacecraft];
Østvang CQG(02)gq/99 [coordinates];
Anderson et al MPLA(02)gq/01;
Ostermann gq/02 [not non-conventional];
Anderson & Mashhoon PLA(03)gq [not helicity-rotation coupling];
Mbelek & Michalski IJMPD(04)gq/03;
Mbelek gq/04 [general relativity + quintessence];
Quevedo AIP(05)gq [not solar quadrupole moment];
Martin Nieto et al PLB(05)ap [not interplanetary matter];
Hall PLB(07) [charge drag];
Mbelek a0809 [special-relativistic kinematics];
Carloni et al PRD(11)-a1103 [not Rindler acceleration].
@ Modified gravity: Moffat gq/04,
Brownstein & Moffat CQG(06)gq/05 [non-symmetric],
comment Iorio gq/06;
Jaekel & Reynaud in(06)gq/05,
comment Iorio gq/06,
gq/06 [2 scale-dependent constants];
Trenčevski & Celakoska gq/06 [time-dependent potential];
Iorio FP(07)gq/06 [and planets];
Exirifard CQG(09)-a0708 [evidence against];
Avramidi & Fucci GRG(08)-a0802,
CJP(09)-a0811 [matrix gravity, non-commutative];
Yefremov G&C(09);
Siutsou & Tomilchik a0908 [modified metric].
@ 5D physics: Belayev gq/02;
Tsipenyuk & Belayev gq/03;
Gerrard & Sumner a0807.
@ Other new physics: de Souza gq/01,
gq/01 [discrete fields];
Foot & Volkas PLB(01)hp [mirror matter];
Bertolami & Páramos CQG(04)gq/03 [bimetric theory on brane];
Krogh ap/04 ["quantum mechanical theory of gravity"];
Anania & Makoid ap/05/AP [bending of gravity];
Carmeli et al IJTP(06)gq/05 [and minimal acceleration];
ten Boom gq/05;
Mbelek et al EPL(07)ap/06 [non-linear electrodynamics];
McCulloch MNRAS(07)ap/06 [modified inertia];
Castro FP(07),
PLB(09) [Weyl geometry];
Tomilchik a0704
[kinematical effect of conformal invariance];
Zaveri a0709 [proper time drift];
Li & Chang PLB(10)-a0909 [Randers-Finsler geometry];
Castro IJMPA(10) [Clifford-space approach];
ten Boom a1205.
@ Variation in speed of light: Ellman gq/98;
Rañada EPL(03)gq/02,
gq/04;
Shojaie CJP(12)-a1005.
@ Cosmology:
Rosales & Sánchez-Gómez gq/98;
Rosales gq/02;
Nottale gq/03 [cosmological constant];
Rosales gq/04 [Berry phase];
Rañada FP(04)gq,
Rañada & Tiemblo gq/06 [clock acceleration],
a0804,
a0909 [quantum cosmology and clock desynchronization];
Palle APS(05)ap/04;
Trencevski GRG(05)gq/04;
Oliveira IJTP(07)-gq/06;
Fahr & Siewert gq/06;
Scholz ap/07/PRD;
Lachièze-Rey CQG(07)gq [no];
Wilson & Blome ASR(09)-a0908 [not universal rotation];
Shojaie a1201 [universal expansion, perturbed FLRW metric];
Ferreira ASR(12)-a1202 [locally anisotropic expanding metric];
Kopeikin PRD(12)-a1207
+ news R&D(12)oct [celestial dynamics of particles and light in an asymptotically FLRW universe];
Wong a1907;
> s.a. test-body orbits.
Related Topics > s.a. Flyby Anomalies.
@ References: Defrere & Rathke gq/05-conf [and gravitational wave detection];
Turyshev AJP(05)nov [problem set];
Letter and reply Morris AJP(06)may,
Turyshev et al AJP(06)may;
Hodge ap/06 [scalar potential model];
Mäkelä a0710 [hypothesis based on numerical coincidence];
Feldman & Anderson IJMPD(15)-a1506 [on the possible onset].
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