Chapter 35: The Nature of Light and Ray Optics

• The ray approximation: Describing the propagation of electromagnetic waves and light using rays or wave fronts.
   
• Reflection: Diffuse vs specular reflection; Angle of incidence, angle of reflection and the law of reflection,

θ₁' = θ₁ .

• Refraction: The index of refraction of a medium, n = c/v. Angle of refraction and the law of refraction,

n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂ .

• Huygens' principle: The idea, and application to refraction.
   
• Dispersion: The idea, and consequence for refraction.
   
• [Total internal reflection: The idea, and application to optical fibers.]