ASTR 103 – June 2008
Checklist of Names and Concepts to Remember – Introductory Topics

The Sky and the Celestial Sphere  
Locating objects  
– The local sky, important locations and coordinates on it  
– The celestial sphere, important locations and coordinates on it  
– Angular sizes: What is an arcminute, an arcsecond; What is the angular size of the Sun and the Moon  
   
Visible objects  
– Stars and planets, and how to tell them apart  
– How many stars are visible with the naked eye? What is their range of (apparent) magnitudes?  
– How many constellations in the sky? How many are in the Zodiac and what is special about them?  
– How many planets and other objects are visible with the naked eye? Which ones were known in antiquity?  
– Distances: Earth-Sun (in AU, km, and light travel time), Distance to next nearest star (in light-years and AU)  
– Which Solar System objects can transit the Sun  
– Which Solar System objects can be in opposition  
   
Motions of the main objects and their effects  
– Motion of the Sun and the ecliptic  
– Motion of the Moon, synodic and sidereal month, phases (why, when), and eclipses (why, when)  
– Daily rotation of the Earth, solar and sidereal day  
– Yearly revolution of the Earth, seasons (why), solstices and equinoxes  
– Proper motions of Sun, Moon, planets and stars; Which ones sometimes move in retrograde motion?  
– Star proper motion, and stellar parallax  
   
History of Astronomy  
People (which century did each of them live in, and why are they important)  
– Aristotle  
– Aristarchus  
– Ptolemy  
– Copernicus  
– Tycho Brahe  
– Kepler  
– Galileo  
– Isaac Newton  
   
Physics Concepts  
– Matter: Protons, neutrons, electrons, atoms (isotopes, ions), molecules, phases of bulk matter  
– Gravity: Newton's law of gravity; Difference between mass and weight  
– Forces: Which are the four known elementary forces? In what situations does each apply?  
– Light: Interference and diffraction; Range of wavelengths for visible light (in nm)  
– Light: Speed of light in a vacuum (in km/s or miles/s); Types of electromagnetic waves that are not visible  
   
Telescopes  
– History: When were they first used (both visible and radio telescopes)  
– Types: Refractors and reflectors; How large are the largest refractor lens, the largest reflector mirror  
– Performance: What are angular resolution and light gathering power, and what they depend on