Types of Measurements in Quantum Theory  

In General > s.a. entanglement; foundations; locality; uncertainty.
* Idea: Measurements can be demolishing or non-demolishing.
* Weak measurement: A tool whereby the presence of a detector has an effect that is smaller than the level of uncertainty around what is being measured, so that there is an imperceptible impact on the experiment; Use to resolve Hardy's Paradox.
* Quantum suicide: A self-referential quantum measurement, also known as the "quantum Russian roulette".
@ Protective: Aharonov et al PRA(93) [comment Rovelli ht/93], FP(96); Anandan gq/95 [and collapse]; Hari Dass & Qureshi PRA(99); Uffink PRA(99)qp; Vaidman a0801-in [rev].
@ Interaction-free: Kwiat et al SA(96)nov; Vaidman qp/96; Luis & Sánchez-Soto PRA(99) [2-level atom]; Simon & Platzman qp/99; Potting et al PRA(00)qp; Vaidman FP(03)qp/01; Cramer FP(06); Sant'Anna & Bueno FPL(06) [with matter waves]; Vaidman a0801-in; Angelo FP(09) [interpretation].
@ Non-demolishing: Shimizu & Fujita in(93)qp/98; Gleyzes et al Nat(07)qp/06, Mashkevich qp/07 [of photon number].
@ Non-ideal: Shimony PRD(74) [approximate]; Martens & de Muynck FP(90); Audretsch & Mensky PRA(97)qp, qp/98 [fuzzy, of energy]; Casher & Reznik PRA(00)qp/99 [and clocks]; Hofmann PRA(00) [noisy]; Grishanin & Zadkov qp/05 [fuzzy, soft].
@ Non-local: Vaidman ht/93-in, Popescu & Vaidman PRA(94)ht/93 [and causality]; Dür & Cirac PRA(01)qp/00; Vaidman PRL(03)qp/01 [instantaneous].
@ Weak: Aharonov et al PRL(88), comment Leggett PRL(89) + Duck et al PRD(89) [spin]; Ruseckas & Kaulakys LJP(04)qp [and time]; Johansen & Luís PRA(04)qp [non-classicality]; Oreshkov & Brun PRL(05)qp; Diósi qp/05-in [rev]; Tollaksen & Aharonov qp/06 [non-statistical]; Davies a0807 [time-dependent]; Katz et al PRL(08) + Bruder & Loss Phy(08) [reversibility, state recovery]; news nfr(09)jan [and Hardy's Paradox]; Lobo & Ribeiro a0903 [and quantum phase space]; Dixon et al PRL(09) + Popescu Phy(09) [and ultrasensitive position and angle measurements].
@ Generalized: Yu & Percival PLA(02).
@ Quantum-enhanced measurements: Braun & Martin a0902 [decoherence-enhanced].
@ Incompatible measurements: Hradil & Summhammer JPA(00); Wolf et al a0905 [and other non-signaling theories].
@ Types of systems: Kryukov FP(07)-a0704 [2-level].
@ Other topics: Cini NCB(83), Zhou et al qp/01 [no collapse]; Ohira & Pearle AJP(88)aug [perfect disturbing]; Unruh ht/94; Mozyrsky & Privman MPLB(00)cm/99 [with heat bath and pointer modes]; Oppenheim et al JPA(02)qp/00 [time ordering of events]; Alter & Yamamoto 01 [single system]; D'Ariano et al JPA(05)qp/04 [mixed and pure]; Cirkovic qp/04 [quantum suicide and the Principal Principle]; Sciarrino et al PRL(06)qp/05 [minimal disturbance]; Heinonen PLA(05) [optimal]; Chiribella et al PRL(07) [continuous equivalent to discrete]; Marcella a0901 [unperformed].

Repeated Measurements > s.a. dissipation.
@ General references: Busch et al FP(90); Belavkin RJMP(95)mp/05 ["bubble chamber" model]; Presilla & Tanbini cm/97-in; Prvanovic & Maric NCB(99) [successive]; Gudder & Nagy JMP(01); Attal & Pautrat mp/03 [continuum limit and quantum Langevin equation]; Anastopoulos FP(06)qp/05 [probabilities]; Cresser et al OC(06)qp [master equation]; Laura & Vanni a0801 [and conditional probabilities].
@ Continuous: Menskii TMP(88); Belavkin & Staszewski PLA(89)qp/05, PRA(92)qp/05; Mensky PLA(90), TMP(92), PLA(97)qp/00, IJTP(98)qp/00; Staszewski & Staszewska PS(00) [of Gaussian]; Scott & Milburn PRA(01)qp/00; Rembovsky PLA(02) [oscillator], PLA(02); Mensky PLA(03)qp/02, qp/02-in; Mensky & Stenholm PLA(03)qp/02; Jacobs & Steck CP(06)qp [intro]; Konrad et al a0902 [monitoring the wave function].
@ And classical evolution: Mensky PLA(91), PLA(92) [action uncertainty principle, deviation of results from classical ones]; Bhattacharya et al PRL(00)qp/99, Ghose et al PRA(03)qp/02 [spin + motion degrees of freedom], PRA(04)qp/03 [and classical chaos]; Richter PRA(07)qp/06 [speedup of classical mixing]; > s.a. decoherence.
@ Over finite times: Peres & Wootters PRD(85); Micanek & Hartle PRA(96)qp [as t → 0]; Roig PRA(06) [position]; Anastopoulos & Savvidou JMP(07) [probabilities].

Types of Observables > s.a. observables.
@ Position: Squires FPL(90); Mensky et al PLA(91)qp/97, PRL(93)qp/97; Presilla et al JPA(97)qp; Liu & Sokolovski PRA(01), Roig qp/05 [finite-time].
@ Time: Peres AJP(80)jul; Gambini & Pullin FP(07)qp/06 [real rods and clocks and loss of unitarity]; > s.a. clocks, time in quantum mechanics, zeno effect.
@ Energy: Aharonov et al PRA(02) [measurement, and H estimation]; Massar & Popescu PRA(05)qp/04 [by internal observer].
@ Non-commuting variables: Martens & de Muynck FP(90) [joint inaccurate measurements]; Appleby IJTP(98)qp, JPA(98)qp, IJTP(99)qp/98, JMO(99)qp/98 [retrodictive]; Trifonov et al PRL(01)qp/00 [minimum uncertainty, discrete]; Botero a0709; Busch et al PLA(08)-a0804 [position and momentum].
@ Joint measurements: Stenholm AP(92), Ozawa PLA(00) [simultaneous measurements]; Englert & Aharonov PLA(01)qp [precise values for complete set]; Lahti IJTP(03) [joint measurability]; Hall qp/05-in [estimates and uncertainties]; Andersson et al PRA(05), Aquino & Mehmani qp/07-in [non-commuting]; Heinosaari et al FP(08)-a0811; > s.a. Tsirelson's Problem.
@ Other types: Peres PRL(88) [magnetic flux, limitations]; Ozawa PRA(00) [discrete, non-degenerate]; Massar PRA(00)qp [on two spins]; Poulin PRA(05) [macroscopic, and state disturbance]; Carmeli et al IJTP(08) [unsharp]; Puentes et al PRL(09)-a0902 [detector with tunable POVMs]; > s.a. pilot wave [velocity].

Measurement-Related Effects > s.a. collapse of the wave function; fock space; zeno effect.
@ General references: Greenberger & YaSin FP(89); Audretsch et al PRA(01) [unsharp measurements and visualization].
@ Quantum meters: Clausen et al PRA(05).

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