Experiments in Quantum Theory

In General > s.a. Complementarity; correlations; history of quantum theory; interference.
* Idea: The field of "experimental metaphysics" (Shimony) has become a well-developed one, helped both by new experimental techniques, and by the emergence of quantum information science.
@ References: Lamoreaux IJMPA(92) [review]; Torgerson et al PLA(95), Branning AS(97)mar [local realism and experiments]; Genovese et al PLB(01)qp, FP(02)qp/01 [with mesons]; Haroche & Raimond 06; Carlson et al AJP(06)mar [local realism]; Heinosaari & Ziman APS(08)-a0810-ln [mathematical]; Cavalcanti PhD(08)-a0810; Sanders pw(08)dec [visualizations]; Semenov & Vogel PRA(11)-a1004 [fake violations of quantum theory]; Stuart et al PRL(12)-a1105 [theories with more predictive power than quantum theory]; Curceanu et al JPCS(12); Aharonov & Vazirani a1206-ch ["interactive experiments" and the falsifiability of quantum mechanics].
> Gedankenexperiments: see bell's inequality; Einstein's Boxes; EPR paradox.

Kochen-Specker Experiment / Theorem > s.a. realism; Topos.
* Idea: Usually interpreted to imply that predictions of non-contextual hidden variable theories cannot agree with Copenhagen quantum mechanics.
@ General references: Kochen & Specker JMM(67); Lenard in(74); Peres JPA(91); Gill & Keane JPA(96)qp/03 [geometric]; Hamilton JPA(00) [obstruction-based approach]; Cabello et al PLA(05)qp [proof in any D > 3]; Nagata JMP(05) [inequalities]; Malley PLA(06)qp [implication]; Rudolph qp/06 [and ontological models]; Brunet PLA(07) [and a priori knowledge]; Straumann a0801 [simple proof].
@ Experimental precision / nullification: Meyer PRL(99)qp + Mermin qp/99, Clifton & Kent PRS(00)qp/99 ["nullification"]; Appleby PRA(02)qp/00, qp/01 ["nullification" of "nullification"]; Cabello PRA(02)qp/01; Breuer PRL(02)qp; Appleby SHPMP(05)qp/03; Peres qp/03/PRL; Barrett & Kent SHPMP(04).
@ Single particle: Simon et al PRL(00)qp; Cabello PRL(03) [qubit]; Huang et al PRL(03) [photons, test]; D'Ambrosio et al PRX(13) [single-photon experiment].
@ Generalized: Cabello et al PLA(96), IJMPA(00)qp/99; Peres FP(96)qp/95; Aravind PRA(03)qp; Hrushovski & Pitowsky SHPMP(04)qp/03-in [and Gleason's theorem]; Döring IJTP(05)qp/04 [for von Neumann algebras]; Dowker & Ghazi-Tabatabai JPA(08)-a0711 [for quantum measure theory].

Experiments on Superluminal Communication > s.a. causality violations; quantum effects.
* Delayed choice: Name given by Wheeler to a set of experiments on the predictions of quantum mechanics; One prepares a system in some state, and chooses what measurement will be performed on the system only after the preparation; The surprise provided by the original delayed-choice experiment led Wheeler to the conclusion that 'no phenomenon is a phenomenon until it is an observed phenomenon'.
@ General references: Wheeler in(78); Svozil pr(89)qp/01; Englert et al ZN(92).
@ Delayed choice: Bohm et al Nat(85)may [and quantum potential]; Griffiths FdP(98)qp [and consistent histories]; Srikanth qp/01-in [and quantum field theory]; Hiley & Callaghan PS(06) [and Bohm approach]; Jacques et al Sci(07)qp/06 + news pw(07)feb, comment Norsen qp/06, Roussel & Stefan a0706 [experimental realization]; Jacques et al AP-P(07)-a0710; Zhao et al EPL(08)-a0712 [with photons, simulation]; Gaasbeek a1007 [didactical and intuitive explanation]; Ionicioiu & Terno PRL(11)-a1103 + Schirber Phy(11) [quantum version].

Macroscopic Scales > s.a. classical limit.
* Schrödinger's cat: Thought experiment proposed in 1935 by E Schrödinger; A similar, real experiment was done in 1996 at NIST with a charged beryllium atom instead of a cat; The group demonstrated that the atom could be at two different locations and have two different spin states at the same time, from the interference pattern they observed; > s.a. pilot-wave interpretation.
@ General references: Leggett CP(84) [intro to macroscopic quantum tunneling]; Rideout et al CQG(12)-a1206 [fundamental quantum-optics experiments with satellites].
@ Schrödinger's cat: Lubkin IJTP(79); Loeser AJP(84)dec, comment Ballentine AJP(86)oct [three perspectives]; Bussey PLA(87); Mermin PT(90)jun; Sakaguchi qp/95; Monroe et al Sci(96)may + pn(96)may [Be ions]; Wódkiewicz NJP(00) [non-locality]; Mould qp/02; Choi SA(03)feb [scaled-up version]; news nat(09)sep ["Schrödinger's virus" experiment proposal]; Wilson a1208 [objection].
@ Related topics: Haigh et al a0907 [mesoscopic superpositions in BECs]; Romero-Isart et al NJP(10)-a0909 [towards quantum superspositions of living organisms].

Types of Experiments > s.a. experiments in physics; foundations; neutron [interferometry]; hidden variables; pilot-wave theory; uncertainty.
* Non-demolition: Technique to make a measurement on a particle without destroying it or absorbing energy from it; An antenna can in principle be used to measure arbitrarily weak classical signals with arbitrary accuracy.
* GHZ experiment / theorem: (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) Demonstrates the impossibility of certain types of local hidden-variable theories.
@ Stern-Gerlach: Alstrøm et al AJP(82)aug; Batelaan et al PRL(97) [electrons]; Hannout et al AJP(98)may; Reinisch PLA(99) [entanglement]; Cruz-Barrios & Gómez-Camacho PRA(01) [semiclassical description]; Friedrich & Herschbach PT(03)dec [history]; Porter et al AJP(03)nov [transverse, demonstration]; Ashmead qp/03 [no collapse]; Frasca qp/04 [analysis]; Potel et al PRA(05)qp/04 [quantum description]; de Oliveira & Caldeira qp/06 [coherence and entanglement]; Dugić et al a0812 [interpretation]; França FP(09) [in classical electrodynamics]; Bernstein a1007 [history and analysis].
@ Non-demolition: Braginsky et al Sci(80)aug; Caves et al RMP(80); Braginsky & Khalili RMP(96); Nogues Nat(99)jul + pn(99)jul [photons]; Camacho GRG(01) [inhomogeneous gravitational field]; Staszewski & Staszewska PLA(01) [on coherent state]; news pw(07)mar, Gerry & Bui PLA(08) [photons].
@ Entangled states: Laflamme et al PTRS(98)qp/97; Banaszek & Wódkiewicz PRL(99) [and Wigner function].
@ Quantum (anti-)Zeno effect: Itano et al PRA(90); Venugopalan & Ghosh qp/95; Fischer et al PRL(01)qp [unstable, Na atoms].
@ Quantum trajectories: Kröger PRA(97)qp; Brun AJP(02)jul-qp/01; Floyd qp/03-proc [high-energy limit], qp/03-proc [vs Copenhagen].
@ Numerical: Kisil in(02)qp/01 [trajectories, 2 slits]; > s.a. collapse of the wave function.
@ GHZ: Clifton et al FP(91) [generalized]; Żukowski PLA(91) [similar]; Lloyd PRA(98) [microscopic analogs]; Bouwmeester et al PRL(99) [3-photon]; Acacio de Barros & Suppes PRL(00) [detector inefficiency]; Khrennikov PLA(01); Svozil NJP(06)qp/02 [simultaneous measurements]; Chen PRA(04) [proof]; You et al PLA(04) [relativistic]; Deng & Chen a0911 [test with 1D Ising model].
@ On decoherence: Anglin & Zurek qp/96-proc [induced currents and interference patterns].
@ On locality: Torgerson et al PRA(95) [photon polarization-correlation measurements]; Nha & Carmichael PRL(04) [continuous variables]; Scheidl et al PNAS(10)-a0811 [and freedom of choice]; Slavnov a1010.
@ Light: Brida et al PLA(04)qp [wave-particle duality]; Lundeen et al Nat(11)jun-a1112 [measurement of the wave function].
@ Atoms: Wunderlich & Balzer in(03)qp [trapped ions]; Lindner et al PRA(03)qp [states as direction indicators]; Gondran et al qp/07/FP [slits, Rydberg atoms, and the wave function interpretation]; news pn(07)apr, pw(07)apr [tunneling from atoms].
@ Particle decay: Skalsey PRD(86) [β decay]; Klein & Nystrand PLA(03)qp/02 [and wave-function collapse].
@ Other types: Ni qp/99, Plaga FPL(00)qp [general]; Hansson qp/00 [underlying deterministic chaos?]; Valentini JPA(07)ht/06 [astrophysics and cosmology]; Sinha et al AIP(09) [probability sum rules]; > s.a. Aharonov-Casher effect; Contextuality; geometric phase; hilbert space; particle statistics; Popper's Experiment.

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