In General > s.a. observational
cosmology; types
of dark matter.
* Idea: Matter that interacts only weakly and gravitationally, thus
very hard to detect, but can account for some observed properties of the universe;
In inflation, necessary in order to reconcile the initial density fluctuations
with present short-range correlations between galaxies; Possibly
more than
one kind, acting on different scales.
* History and motivation:
(A precursor was Neptune, discovered from its effect on Uranus);
Proposed by Zwicky in the 1930s, based on galaxy cluster velocity dispersions;
Later
motivated
by
flat
galaxy
rotation
curves and patterns in large-scale structure.
Effects, Indirect Evidence > s.a.
cosmic rays; gamma
rays; higher-dimensional gravity; observations [including
distribution].
* Dynamical methods:
Transverse motion of stars in our galaxy; Differential rotation of our galaxy
and other spirals; Escape velocity from our galaxy (lower
bound from highest star velocities seen); Internal motions in
galaxy
clusters, including Milky Way satellites in the Local Group;
These are sensitive to clustering below the probed scale.
* Other methods: Flatness of the universe and observed density.
@ Reviews: Roncadelli ap/03-in;
Mambrini & Muñoz JCAP(04)hp [vs
direct]; De Freitas & Peirani G&C(05)ap
[searches]; Bertone & Merritt MPLA(05)ap.
@ Galactic rotation curves: Carmeli IJTP(98)ap/96 [vs
expansion]; Edery PRL(99)gq;
Bekenstein et al PRL(00)ap/99;
Lake PRL(04);
Menzies & Mathews gq/06/CQG
[general relativity not enough]; Rubin PT(06)dec
[M31].
@ Interactions: Ullio et al PRD(02)
[into
-rays];
Böhm
et al ap/02-in
[strength]; Sancisi ap/03-in
[coupling to visible matter]; Bovy & Farrar PRL(09)-a0807 [and
fifth force, bounds]; Grib & Pavlov G&C(09)-a0810 [conversion
into visible matter in AGNs].
@ Structure formation: Del Popolo ap/02;
Diemand et al Nat(05)ap [small
halos in the early universe]; Silk LNP(07)ap/06;
Primack
a0909-in; Boyarsky
et al a0911 [matter distribution and scaling]; > s.a. galaxy
formation.
@ And cmb: Padmanabhan & Finkbeiner PRD(05)ap [annihiliations
and polarization]; Hooper et al PRD(07)-a0705 [annihilations
and WMAP haze].
@ Related topics: Lewis & Challinor PRD(02)
[perturbations]; Blanchard & Douspis A&A(05)ap/04
[clusters]; Ahluwalia-Khalilova ap/06;
Iorio JCAP(06)gq [solar
system
orbits]; > s.a. fine-structure
constant [variation].
General References > s.a. [relativistic
cosmology];
Conformal Gravity.
@ History: Zwicki HPA(33), tr GRG(09); van den Bergh PASP-ap/99;
Einasto ap/04-in.
@ Status, reviews: news Sci(91)jan;
Griest ap/95-in;
Raffelt ap/95-in;
Bahcall ap/96;
Jetzer ap/96;
Hu et al PRD(99)ap/98;
Bosma ap/98-in;
Ellis ap/98-in
[particle candidates]; Turner ap/99-in, ap/99-in;
Bergström RPP(00)hp;
Sellwood & Kosowsky ap/00-in
[
+CDM
vs modified general relativity]; Evans ap/01-in
[vs non-standard gravity]; Carr ap/01-in
[MACHOS]; Khalil & Muñoz CP(02);
Spooner & Kudryavtsev
ed-01; Primack ap/01-in, ap/03-in;
Olive ap/03-ln;
Bergström hp/03-in;
Rees PTRS(03)ap/04;
Bahcall et al ed-04;
Muñoz IJMPA(04)
[experimental]; Sahni LNP-ap/04 [and
dark energy]; Overduin & Wesson
PRP(04)ap;
Bertone et al PRP(05)
[particles]; Frampton ap/05-in
[and dark energy, intro]; news BBC(06)feb;
Peskin JPSJ(07)-a0707-ln;
Ellis a0811-in;
Einasto a0901-in;
Primack a0902-in
[issues with observations and simulations of galaxies]; D'Amico et al a0907-ln;
issue NPPS(09)194
[proc].
@ I: Disney 84; Tucker & Tucker 88; PW(95)jun,
p39; Krauss 89, 00; Hooper 06 [and dark energy, r PT(07)jul].
@ II, articles: Krauss SA(86)dec; Trimble CP(88);
Tremaine
PT(92)feb; Auteri ap/07-in.
@ II, books: B Parker 89; Srednicki ed-90; Riordan & Schramm 91;
Sciama 93; Overduin & Wesson 02.
@ And other matter: Mazzei ap/04 [rev];
Wilczek hp/04-in
[anthropic reasoning]; Mangano et al PRD(06)ap [neutrino
interactions].
@ And biological phenomena: Zioutas PLB(90); Collar PLB(96)ap/95 [extinctions].
@ Arguments against: Roberts ap/05; Barak
& Leibowitz a0909 [no
need for dark matter or dark energy].
@ Related topics: Cline ap/05-in
[vs MOND]; Ahluwalia IJMPD-a0904 [relativity
in the dark sector, Elko example]; > s.a. anthropic
principle.
Online Resources > see Astronomy Today article.
Alternatives to Dark Matter
* MOND: Modified Newtonian
Dynamics was considered as a possible alternative for a few years; In 2002–2003
new data, especially from the SDSS, contradicted MOND predictions; However,
some people are still impressed with its rotation curve predictions.
* Other theories: Other
alternatives include Moffat's bimetric gravity and Mannheim's conformal gravity.
@ MOND: Sanders & McGaugh ARAA(02)ap;
Aguirre ap/03-in
[rev]; Pointecouteau ap/06 [vs
dark matter].
@ Modified gravity: Sellwood & Kosowsky ap/01-in;
Sobouti ap/06;
Chalmers pw(06)jun;
Sereno
& Jetzer MNRAS(06)ap;
Vanderburgh PhSc(05)dec
[conceptual]; Kahya & Woodard PLB(07)-a0705 [proposed
test]; Brownstein & Moffat MNRAS(07)
+ pw(07)nov
[Bullet cluster]; Brownstein a0908-PhD; > s.a. bimetric
theories; higher-order gravity; theories
of gravitation; unified theories [Weyl-Dirac].
@ Related topics: Milgrom SA(02)aug [questioning
the existence]; Funkhouser gq/03 [Mach-type
forces]; Vishwakarma S&S(06)ap/04 [galaxy
rotation]; Mannheim PPNP(06)ap/05 [to
dark matter and dark energy]; Pal et al PLB(05)
[effective 4D theory from branes]; Cooperstock & Tieu ap/05/ApJ
[general relativity does the job], commemt Garfinkle CQG(06)gq/05;
Moffat ap/06 [lensing];
Carati & Galgani a0707-wd
[outer mass distribution in (clusters of) galaxies]; Cooperstock & Tieu MPLA(08)-a0712 [general
relativistic velocity].
main page – abbreviations – journals – comments – other
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send feedback and suggestions to bombelli at olemiss.edu – modified 10
nov 2009