Dark
Energy – Types| Dark
Energy – Types |
Types, Equation of State > s.a. dark
energy [holographic]; FRW
models; graviton; perfect
fluids; theory
of cosmological acceleration.
* Possibilities: Cosmological
constant (w 
–1),
quintessence, phantom energy (which may lead to big rip), ...
* Equation of state:
Usually parametrized by a perfect-fluid-type form p = w
,
where a cosmological constant corresponds to w = –1.
* Chaplygin
gas: 2004,
cmb peaks indicate 0 < r 
1,
but supernovae indicate r > 1; > s.a. inflationary
scenarios.
@ Cosmological constant: Lineweaver ap/98-in
[and cmb]; Célérier A&A(00)ap/99 [
> 0
or inhomogeneous]; Kratochvil et al JCAP(04)ap/03 [tests];
Liddle et al PRD(06)ap
[vs evolving dark energy]; Serra et al a0908 [no evidence for dynamics].
@ Chaplygin gas: Kamenshchik et al PLB(01)
[proposal]; Gorini et al
PRD(03)ap/02, ap/04-in;
Colistete et al gq/02-in;
Amendola et al JCAP(03)ap;
Bean & Doré PRD(03)ap;
Bilic et al ap/03-in;
Bertolami ap/04-in
[bounds]; Sen & Scherrer PRD(05)ap [generalized];
Bilic et al JPA(07)gq/06-in
[and structure formation, with string theory effects].
@ Scalar field: Maor & Brustein PRD(03)hp/02;
Rubano et al PRD(03)ap [oscillating];
Beck PRD(04)
[chaotic]; Lee CPL(04)ap;
Enqvist et al PRL(07)
[seesaw mechanism]; Nozari & Sadatian MPLA-a0905 [non-minimal];
Fabris & Jardim a0910.
@ Vector field: Armendáriz-Picón JCAP(04)ap;
Böhmer & Harko EPJC(07)gq [massive];
Jiménez & Maroto a0812-in;
Jiménez et al PRD(09).
@ (Large) extra dimensions: Burgess ht/04 [supersymmetric];
Kainulainen & Sunhede PRD(06)ap/04;
Li et al ap/05.
@ Born-Infeld: Elizalde et al PLB(03) [BI condensate]; Garousi et al PRD(05)
[Dirac-BI, bounds from varying 
].
@ Scalar-tensor: Wang ht/06/PRL; Gannouji
et al ap/07-in.
@ From lqc: Bojowald GRG(08)-a0705;
Nelson
& Sakellariadou PLB(08)-a0709
[corrections to Wheeler-DeWitt equation].
@ Other trans-Planckian: Bastero-Gil & Mersini PRD(03);
Lemoine et al PRD(03);
Brout
gq/05 [fluctuations];
Asselmeyer-Maluga & Rosé APPB(08)-a0710-in
[differential structure]; Khosravi & Sepangi PLA(08)-a0802
[DSR and fundamental length]; Ng AIP(09)-a0808 [spacetime
foam]; Maziashvili a0901 [spacetime microstructure]; > s.a. locality
in quantum field theory [quantum gravity]; spacetime
foam.
@ Electromagnetic fields: Beck & Mackey IJMPD(08)ap/07;
Beltrán
Jiménez & Maroto JCAP(09)-a0811,
a0905-GRF.
@ Other known fields: Hsu PLB(03)ap [non-linear
field oscillations]; Zhao & Zhang PLB(06)
[effective Yang-Mills condensate]; de Vega & Sánchez ap/07 [cosmological
neutrino condensation]; Contopoulos & Basilakos A&A(07)-a0705
[cosmological magnetic fields]; Maziashvili PLB(08)
[effective quantum field theory]; Blasone et al a0809-in,
Capolupo et al PLB(09)-a0809 [particle
mixing condensate]; Urban & Zhitnitsky a0909 [QCD].
@ Modified, f(R) gravity:
Tsujikawa PRD(08)-a0709;
Deruelle et al PRD(08)-a0803 ["detuning"];
> s.a. higher-order gravity.
@ Other modified gravity: Pirogov PAN(08)-a0704 [scalar
graviton, and dark matter]; Cooney et al PRD(09)-a0811
[non-dynamical gravitational degrees of freedom].
@ From information theory: Gough et al ap/06 [information
energy]; Lee et al
a0709.
@ String theory: Frampton PLB(03);
Krause a0801.
@ Other models: Alam et al JCAP(03)
[decaying]; Balakin et al NJP(03)
[curvature self-interaction]; Caldwell et al PRL(03)ap [phantom
energy, big rip]; Dimopoulos & Thomas PLB(03)ht [continuum
vs discretum]; Gasperini ht/03 [dilaton];
Hall et al PRL(05)ap [evolving];
Feng ap/06-in
[quintom, rev]; Brax & Martin PRD(07)ht/06 [MSSM];
Li et al PRD(07)ap/06 [reconstruction
of potential]; Kaloper PLB(07)-a0706;
Stichel
& Zakrzewski a0904 [exotic
massless particles]; > s.a.
supersymmetry; vacuum [fluctuations].
@ Equation of state: Kujat et al ApJ(02)ap/01;
Erickson et al PRL(02);
Wasserman PRD(02)
[obs degeneracy]; Dicus & Repko PRD(03)hp/02;
Melchiorri et al PRD(03)ap/02;
Carroll et al PRD(03)ap;
Jiménez ap/03-in;
Saini et al MNRAS(04)ap/03 [Bayesian
analysis]; Kao gq/03 [parametrization];
Garriga et al PRD(04)ht/03 [anthropic
selection]; Linder ap/03-in;
Linder & Miquel PRD(04)ap [dynamical?];
Jain et al NPB(06)ap/04;
Polarski & Ranquet PLB(05)ap;
Cardone et al PRD(06)
[beyond pfluid]; Barger et al PLB(06)
[classification of w(a) models]; Ananda & Bruni PRD(06),
PRD(06)
[non-linear]; Crittenden et al PRL(07)ap [parametrization];
Solà JPA(08)-a0710 [remnant
from inflation]; Johri & Rath IJMPD(07)
[parametrizations]; Usmani et al MNRAS(08)-a0801;
Lee et al a0803 [cosmic
Hawking radiation]; Barboza & Alcaniz PLB(08)-a0805;
de Putter & Linder JCAP(08)-a0808 [calibration
relation]; > s.a. Phantom Divide.
> Other new physics:
see Gauss-Bonnet Gravity; higher-dimensional
gravity; kaluza-klein theory; Quaternions; quintessence; tachyons.
Phenomenological Constraints on Equation of State > s.a.
cosmic topology.
@ General references: Sarkar et al PRL(08)
[multiparameter approach]; Sahni et al PRD(08)-a0807 [two
diagnostics]; Unnikrishnan PRD(08)
[difficult to determine]; Egan & Lineweaver PRD(08) [and cosmic coincidence].
@ From cmb: Bean & Melchiorri PRD(02)ap/01;
Krauss ApJ(03)ap,
Bean & Doré PRD(04)ap/03 [WMAP];
Giovi et al PRD(05)ap/04;
Hannestad PRD(05)ap [speed
of sound]; Gong & Wang PRD(07)ap/06;
Alam et al JCAP(07)ap/06 [Gold
+ HST
and SNLS data].
@ From supernova surveys: Dicus & Repko PRD(04)ap;
Bento et al PRD(05)ap/04;
Ziaeepour ap/06 [indication
that w < –1]; Wood-Vasey et al ApJ(07)ap;
Serra et al MNRAS(07)ap,
Zhao et al PRD(08)-a0712 [preference
for cosmological constant].
@ Other data: Angulo et al MNRAS(05)ap [cluster
power spectrum]; Gaztañaga et al a0808 [radial
baryon acoustic oscillations]; Ding & Croft MNRAS-a0903
[future measurements of quasar
parallax]; Stern et al a0907/JCAP,
a0907/ApJS
[expansion history from red galaxies]; Enander & Mörtsell a0910/JCAP
[accretion
onto black holes].
@ Combined data: Wang & Tegmark PRL(04);
Hannestad & Mörtsell JCAP(04)ap;
Doran et al JCAP(05)ap [w < –0.8];
Lazkoz & Majerotto JCAP(07)-a0704 [general
relativity
favored over
brane
world].
And Dark Matter > s.a. brans-dicke
theory;
equivalence principle [violation].
* Idea: The two could
originate from the same field(s); For example, dark matter (possibly in the
form of massive, sterile neutrinos) could condensate and act
as dust
on scales below the horizon, and be in a negative-pressure vacuum at scales
above the horizon; Or they might interact.
* Interaction: An exchange
of energy within the dark sector would offers an interesting approach to the
coincidence problem.
@ General references: Sandvik et al PRD(04)
[distinct];
Chimento et al MPLA(05)ap/04 [transition,
k-essence]; Mainini & Bonometto PRL(04)
[from Peccei-Quinn model]; Bertolami ap/05-in
[generalized Chaplygin gas]; Bonometto et al ap/06 [and
WMAP data]; Kunz ap/07 [degeneracy
in the models]; Kunz JPCS(08)-a0710,
Kunz et al
a0806-in
[need to understand dark matter]; Basilakos & Plionis a0911-in [interacting dark
matter].
@ Interaction: Hoffman ap/03;
Comelli et al PLB(03);
Abdalla et al PLB(09)-a0710 [in
clusters]; Quartin JCAP(08)-a0802;
Bean et al PRD(08)-a0808 [constraints],
PRD(08)
[instability]; Böhmer et al PRD(08)
[model]; Pereira & Jesus PRD(99)-a0811 [thermodynamical
perspective]; Caldera-Cabral et al PRD(09)-a0812;
Zimdahl a0812-in
[and acceleration]; Pavón & Wang GRG(09)
[energy transfer]; Costa et al PRD(09)-a0905 [cosmological
consequences]; Trodden a0910-in
[constraint from instability]; Abdalla et al a0910 [observations].
@ Unified: Bilic et al PLB(02);
Padmanabhan
& Roy Choudhury PRD(02)ht;
González-Díaz PLB(03);
Scherrer PRL(04)
[k-essence];
Mainini
et al ApJ(05)ap [scalar];
Arbey ap/05,
PRD(06),
Beça
& Avelino MNRAS(07)ap/05 [fluid];
Majumdar & Home gq/05 [from
wave-function collapse!]; Takahashi & Yanagida PLB(06)hp/05;
Zhang et al JCAP(06)
[Chaplygin gas]; Liddle & Ureña PRL(06)ap [and
string landscape]; Panotopoulos PRD(07)
[inflaton field]; Colistete et al PRD(07)-a0706 [bulk
viscous fluid]; Mainini & Bonometto JCAP(07);
Zhao ApJL(07)
+ news sr(08)feb;
Bañados PRD(08)-a0801 [from
general relativity + Born-Infeld theory]; Barreiro et al PRD(08)-a0805 [WMAP5
constraints]; Liddle et al PRD(08),
Nojiri & Odintsov a0807-in
[and
inflation]; Blanchet & Le Tiec PRD(08),
PRD(09)-a0901 [based
on
gravitational polarization]; Chimento & Forte PLB(08);
Henriques et al PRD(09)-a0903 [in
Salam-Sezgin cosmological model]; Majumdar et al PLB(09)
[from dark-matter wave
function collapse]; Park et al a0910 [Chaplygin gas].
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nov 2009