Dark Energy  

In General > s.a. cosmological constant and models; cosmology [future]; varying constants.
* Idea: A component of the content of the universe with negative pressure, which accelerates its expansion; May be a cosmological contant or may be dynamical; The name seems to have been introduced by M Turner.
* Status: 2003, Various methods give –1.22 < w < –0.78 at 95% c.l.; 2004–2005, Analysis still favors a cosmological constant – other models give as good a fit, but are not as simple (1-parameter) or physically motivated – with quintessence a second possibility; 2006, Evidence from Brad Schaefer's analysis of distant GRBs that it may be changing; 2006, Evidence from supernovas at z = 1 consistent with constant dark energy; 2007, Supernova survey gives w = –1.07 (+0.09–0.09 stat, 1 sigma) (+– 0.12 sys).
* Plans: 2006, Two satellites planned, DES (possible launch 2008–2009) and SNAP (launch after 2010).
@ References: Finelli et al PRD(07)ap/06 [light bending]; Heavens et al MNRAS(06)ap [3D cosmic shear]; White a0704-RPP, response Kolb a0708 [and astronomy]; Dobado & Maroto a0802-in [intro]; > s.a. gas; topological defects.

Phenomenology and Evidence > s.a. types and equations of state.
@ Evidence: Scranton et al ap/03/PRL [SDSS and WMAP analysis]; Straumann gq/03-in [rev]; Alam et al JCAP(04)ap [dynamical]; Ishak FP(07)ap/05 [general discussion]; Trotta & Bower A&G(06)ap [surveys, rev]; news pw(06)nov, pw(06)nov [distant supernovas]; Bambi PRD(07) [Mpc-scale]; Sarkar GRG(08)-a0710 [critical view]; Bothun et al PLB(08) [precision observations without supernovas]; > s.a. acceleration.
@ Lab evidence and tests: Beck & Mackey PLB(05)ap/04 [proposal], refutation Jetzer & Straumann PLB(05); Frampton MPLA(06)ht/05 [re possible Josephson junction cutoff]; Corasaniti et al MNRAS(06)ap/05 [with ALPACA]; Fassbender et al ap/06-in [VADER mission proposal]; Phillips et al ap/06-in [JEDI proposal]; de Matos & Beck a0707 [rotating superconductors].
@ Density: Wang & Mukherjee PRD(07) [and cosmic curvature].
@ Distribution, and large-scale structure: Solevi et al MNRAS(06)ap/05 [from galaxy distribution]; Wang & Freese PLB(06) [density]; Takada PRD(06)ap [and redshift surveys]; Martín-Moruno et al a0803 [accretion onto black holes]; Bhattacharya & Kosowsky PRD(08) [galaxy cluster peculiar velocities]; Blomqvist et al JCAP(08)-a0806 [inhomogeneities, from supernova observations].
@ And perturbations: Gordon NPPS(05)ap; Gordon & Wands PRD(05)ap; Polarski & Gannouji PLB(08)-a0710.
@ Structure formation: Linder & Jenkins MNRAS(03)ap; Speliotopoulos a0711.

References > s.a. acceleration [including alternatives]; galaxies.
@ I: Turner ThSc(00)nov; Kirshner 02; Caldwell pw(04)may; Conselice SA(07)feb; Linder & Perlmutter pw(07)dec [future]; Perlmutter SA(08)apr.
@ Reviews: Carroll ap/01-in; Peebles & Ratra RMP(03); Lima BJP(04)-ap/04; Sahni ap/04-in [and dark matter]; Frampton ap/04-in; Padmanabhan CS(05)ap/04; Linder ap/04-in, ap/05-in; Bean et al ap/05-rp; Weinberg ap/05-in; Padmanabhan ap/05-in, ap/06-in; Barnes et al ap/05-in; Copeland et al IJMPD(06)ht; Straumann MPLA(06)hp; Polarski ap/06-in; Carroll NJP(06); Padmanabhan a0705-GRG; Linder AJP(08)RL-a0705; Turner & Huterer a0706-JPSJ; Capozziello IJGMP(07)-a0706; Stubbs IJMPD(07)-a0712 [and fundamental physics]; issue GRG(08)feb; Zhao MPLA(08) [and modified gravity].
@ And entropy, holography: Hsu PLB(04) [and entropy bounds]; Linder ht/04 ["dark entropy"]; Pavón & Zimdahl ht/05-in; Beltrán Almeida & Pereira PLB(06), Guberina et al PLB(06), Simpson JCAP(07)ap/06, Pavón gq/06-in, Zimdahl a0705 [holographic]; > s.a. entropy bounds.
@ Physics of dark energy, particles: Amendola et al ApJL(03)ap/02 [interactions]; Böhmer & Harko FP(08)gq/06 [quanta]; DeDeo PRD(06); Ichiki & Keum a0803 [interactios with neutrinos].
@ Analysis, interpretation: Choudhury & Padmanabhan A&A(05)ap/03; Gong CQG(05)ap/04; Linder PRD(04)ap, PRD(04)ap; Linder ap/06/PRD [limits to z resolution]; Clarkson et al JCAP(07) [need to include curvature as parameter]; Wang a0712 [observational approaches].
@ Other theory: Garriga & Vilenkin PRD(03)ap/02 [and anthropic principle]; Padmanabhan & Choudhury MNRAS(03)ap/02 [and supernova data]; Krauss & Chaboyer Sci(03)jan [and globular clusters]; Huey ap/04 [data-driven approach]; Brevik & Gorbunova GRG(05)gq [and viscosity]; Baccigalupi & Acquaviva ap/06-in [and cmb lensing]; Neupane & Carter PLB(06) [relaxation and cosmological constant]; Gong et al PRD(07)gq/06 [thermodynamics]; Durrer & Maartens GRG(08) [overview]; Antoniadis et al NJP(07) [dynamical screening of cosmological constant]; Pereira a0806 [negative chemical potential].
@ Modified Friedmann equation: Dvali & Turner ap/03; > s.a. cosmological models in general relativity [including Cardassian].
> Related topics: see black holes [dark energy stars]; neutrinos; spherical solutions.


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