Black Hole Types  

In General > s.a. black-hole analogs [and mimickers]; black holes [including black strings] and solutions; quantum black holes.
@ Reviews: Celotti et al CQG(99)ap; Ziólkowski ap/03-in.
@ Binary black holes: D'Eath 96 [dynamics]; Schutz gq/04-in, Kesden PRD(08)-a0807, Rezzolla CQG(09)-a0812 [mergers]; Levin a0907 [energy-level diagrams]; Healy et al PRL(09), Sperhake et al PRL(09) [zoom-whirl orbits]; > s.a. numerical black holes, sources of gravitational radiation.

Primordial > s.a. early-universe cosmology [baryogenesis]; gamma-ray astronomy [GRBs].
* Idea: Black holes that form from the collapse of super-critical fluctuations in the early universe.
@ General references: Bousso & Hawking PRD(95)gq, gq/96-in; Liddle & Green PRP(98)gq-in; Custódio & Horvath PRD(98)ap; Jedamzik PRP(98)ap [stellar mass]; Widerin & Schmid ap/98-in, ap/98-in [QCD transition]; Green & Liddle PRD(99)ap, et al PRD(04) [mass fraction]; Custódio & Horvath CQG(03)gq [and holography]; Harada & Carr PRD(05)ap/04 [size limits]; Carr ap/05-in, ap/05-in [rev]; Khlopov a0801-in.
@ Formation: Niemeyer ap/98-in, Niemeyer & Jedamzik PRD(99)ap [numerical]; Hawke & Stewart CQG(02); Musco et al CQG(05)gq/04 [numerical]; Hidalgo a0708 [effect of non-Gaussian curvature perturbations], a0910-PhD [in non-linear perturbation theory].
@ And cosmology: Carr & Goymer ap/00-in [models]; Patel & Fuller ap/00-in [and phase transitions]; Carr ap/01-in [varying G]; Polarski PLB(02)ap/01 [accelerating universe]; Guedens et al PRD(02)ap, PRD(02)ap [brane cosmology]; Ricotti et al a0709/ApJ [effect on cmb and parameter estimation]; Anantua et al PRL(09) [grand-unification scale, and consequences]; > s.a. scalar-tensor theories.
@ And gravitational-wave background: Saito & Yokoyama PRL(09)-a0812; Bugaev & Klimai a0911.
@ Other bounds: Custódio & Horvath PRD(02)ap/01; Bugaev & Konishchev PRD(02)ap; Tashiro & Sugiyama PRD(08) [from cmb distortions]; Roncadelli et al a0901/PRL; Lehoucq et al A&A-a0906 [galactic gamma-rays].
@ As dark matter: Blais et al PLB(02)ap; Afshordi et al ApJ(03)ap; Chen ap/03-in; Nozari & Mehdipour MPLA(05)-a0809 [remnants]; Khriplovich & Produit IJMPD(07) [and radiation]; Becker et al a0905-in [in our galaxy].
@ Other topics: Stojkovic & Freese PLB(05) [solution of monopole problem]; Chisholm PRD(06) [clustering].

Microscopic / Small > s.a. black-hole formation [high-energy physics, cosmic rays]; particle models; phenomenology; spacetime foam.
@ References: Wu GRG(98) [from "nothing", constrained gravitational instanton]; Karasik et al PRD(04)gq/03, PRD(04) [in Randall-Sundrum]; Cavaglià & Das CQG(04)ht [TeV-scale, properties]; Harada PRD(06)gq [minimum mass].
@ Phenomenology: Alvarez-Muñiz et al PRD(02) [with neutrino telescopes]; Khriplovich et al PRD(08)-a0710, a0801 [small one passing through Earth]; > s.a. black-hole formation.

Stellar
* Status: Main type of candidate is X-ray binary; 2001, First evidence for rotating black holes; To search for them, look for effects that can be attributed to an unseen star with M > 2 MSun on motion; 2008, The closest ones appear to be the microquasars GRO J1655-40 and A0620-00.
* Candidates: Cygnus X-1, the oldest candidate, first discovered during a rocket flight in 1965 [@ Cui et al ap/97-in]; LMC X-1 (similar characteristics to Cygnus X-1); LMC X-3 (more recent but more convincing candidate, with mass is probably around 10 MSun); SS 433 (complicated object, the case is not clear cut).
@ General references: Islam et al MNRAS(04)ap/03, MNRAS(04)ap/03, MNRAS(04)ap/03 [from first massive stars]; Belczynski et al a0904/ApJ [maximum mass].
@ Binaries: Charles ap/98-in [in Milky Way]; McClintock & Remillard ap/03-in; Bulik & Belczynski a0907 [formation and coalescence rate].
@ Specific black holes and galaxies: Orosz et al Nat-a0710 [in M33, 15.65 solar masses]; Foellmi a0812/NA [closest]; Paredes a0907-in [in our galaxy].

Intermediate
* Idea: Black holes with masses in the range 30–300,000 solar masses.
* Status: 2002, They also seem to be common; 2004, They may form from mergers of stars in a cluster.
@ Reviews: Miller & Colbert IJMPD(04)ap/03; van der Marel ap/03-in; McMillan et al ap/04-in [in massive clusters]; Miller ap/04-in.
@ General references: Sivaram & Arun a0709 [formation and properties]; Frampton a0904, a0905 [as dark matter], a0907, a0907-in [and cosmic entropy]; Frampton & Ludwick a0910; Brigmann et al PRL(09) [and search for neaby dark matter].
@ Evidence: Volonteri & Perna MNRAS(05)ap [and evolution]; Gebhardt et al ApJ(05)ap [in globular cluster G1]; Trenti ap/06/MNRAS [in old globular clusters]; Maccarone et al Nat(07)ap [in globular clusters]; Zaharijas PRD(08)-a0712 [in G1, and dark matter]; Pasquato et al ApJ-a0904 [in globular clusters]; news wired(09)jul [best evidence yet]; Strohmayer & Mushotzky ApJ-a0911 [in NGC 5408 X-1].

Other Types > s.a. galactic or supermassive black holes.
@ Cosmological black holes: Stornaiolo GRG(02) [lensing, cmb].

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