Black Hole Types  

In General > s.a. analogs [and mimickers]; black holes [including black strings] and solutions; quantum black holes.
@ Reviews: Charles ap/98-in [binaries in Milky Way]; Celotti et al CQG(99)ap; Ziólkowski ap/03-in.

Primordial > s.a. early universe [baryogenesis].
* Idea: Black holes that form from the collapse of super-critical fluctuations in the early universe.
@ General references: Bousso & Hawking PRD(95)gq, gq/96-in; Liddle & Green PRP(98)gq-in; Custódio & Horvath PRD(98)ap; Jedamzik PRP(98)ap [stellar mass]; Widerin & Schmid ap/98-in, ap/98-in [QCD transition]; Green & Liddle PRD(99)ap, et al PRD(04) [mass fraction]; Custódio & Horvath PRD(02)ap/01 [bounds], CQG(03)gq [and holography]; Harada & Carr PRD(05)ap/04 [size limits]; Carr ap/05-in, ap/05-in [rev]; Khlopov a0801-in.
@ Formation: Niemeyer ap/98-in, Niemeyer & Jedamzik PRD(99)ap [numerical]; Hawke & Stewart CQG(02); Musco et al CQG(05)gq/04 [numerical]; Hidalgo a0708 [effect of non-Gaussian curvature perturbations].
@ And cosmology: Carr & Goymer ap/00-in [models]; Patel & Fuller ap/00-in [and phase transitions]; Carr ap/01-in [varying G]; Polarski PLB(02)ap/01 [accelerating universe]; Bugaev & Konishchev PRD(02)ap [constraints]; Guedens et al PRD(02)ap, PRD(02)ap [brane cosmology]; Ricotti et al a0709 [effect on cmb and parameter estimation]; > s.a. scalar-tensor theories.
@ As dark matter: Blais et al PLB(02)ap; Afshordi et al ApJ(03)ap; Chen ap/03-in; Khriplovich & Produit IJMPD(07) [and radiation].
@ Other topics: Stojkovic & Freese PLB(05) [solution of monopole problem]; Chisholm PRD(06) [clustering].

Small > s.a. black hole formation [production in hep]; particle models; phenomenology; spacetime foam [virtual].
@ References: Wu GRG(98) [from "nothing", constrained gravitational instanton]; Karasik et al PRD(04)gq/03, PRD(04) [in Randall-Sundrum]; Cavaglià & Das CQG(04)ht [TeV-scale, properties]; Harada PRD(06)gq [minimum mass].

Stellar
* Status: Main type of candidate is X-ray binary; 2001, First evidence for rotating black holes; To search for them, look for effects that can be attributed to an unseen star with M > 2 MSun on motion.
* Candidates: Cygnus X-1, the oldest candidate, first discovered during a rocket flight in 1965 [@ Cui et al ap/97-in]; LMC X-1 (similar characteristics to Cygnus X-1); LMC X-3 (more recent but more convincing candidate, with mass is probably around 10 MSun); SS 433 (complicated object, the case is not clear cut).
@ References: McClintock & Remillard ap/03-in [binaries]; Islam et al MNRAS(04)ap/03, MNRAS(04)ap/03, MNRAS(04)ap/03 [from first massive stars]; Orosz et al a0710-Nat [in M33, 15.65 solar masses].

Intermediate
* Status: 2002, They also seem to be common; 2004, They may form from mergers of stars in a cluster.
@ Reviews: Miller & Colbert IJMPD(04)ap/03; van der Marel ap/03-in; McMillan et al ap/04-in [in massive clusters]; Miller ap/04-in.
@ General references: Sivaram & Arun a0709 [formation and properties].
@ Evidence: Volonteri & Perna MNRAS(05)ap [and evolution]; Gebhardt et al ApJ(05)ap [in globular cluster G1]; Trenti ap/06/MNRAS [in old globular clusters]; Maccarone et al Nat(07)ap [in globular clusters]; Zaharijas a0712 [in G1, and dark matter].

Galactic, or Supermassive > s.a. phenomenology.
* Status: 2000, They seem to be very common, and most galaxies may have one; They seem to play a dominant role in galaxy/quasar evolution, producing black tides that disrupt and rip passing stars apart and powering jets; Examples are the center of the Milky Way in Sgr, that of the M87 galaxy, and many others; 2006, The most massive ones may be aroound 3 109 or 1010 MSun, depending on the model.
* Mergers: 2007, numerical simulations show that when two galaxies merge, one of their central black holes can be ejected, with a speed and ina direction depending on their initial spins.
@ General references: Rees SA(90)nov, ap/97-in; Ferrarese ap/02-in, & Merritt pw(02)ap; Weaver SA(03)jul [and star formation]; Combes ap/05-in; Greenwood ap/05; Volonteri ap/06-in [evolution]; Melia a0704-in; Miller & Reynolds PT(07)aug [effect on environment]; Jovanovic & Popovic a0803-FdP [effects of strong gravitational fields].
@ In Milky Way: Townes & Genzel SA(90)apr; news pn(98)jan; Melia & Falcke ARAA(01)ap; Miyoshi ap/04-in [SgrA*].
@ Formation: Shapiro ap/03-in [simulation]; Tyler et al ap/03/ApJ [processes]; Rees & Volonteri ap/07-in; Madau ap/07-in; Begelman a0709-in [by direct collapse]; > s.a. collapse, numerical models.
@ And halos: de Zeeuw ap/97-in; Ferrarese ApJ(02)ap.
@ Mergers: Yoo et al ap/07-ApJ [galaxy cluster mergers]; González et al PRL(07), Campanelli et al PRL(07)gq + sr(07)may [recoil kicks].
@ Related topics: Ford et al ap/97-in [HST]; Richstone ap/98-in; Sridhar & Touma MNRAS(99)ap/98 [motion around them]; Rees ap/99-in; Bean & Magueijo PRD(02)gq [from primordial]; Harun-or-Rashid ap/02-PhD [toroidal]; Sivaram a0803 [binary, and tests of general relativity].
@ Alternatives: Miller MNRAS(06)ap/05 [constraints]; Svidzinsky ap/06 [oscillating axion bubbles].

Cosmological
@ References: Stornaiolo GRG(02) [lensing, cmb].

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