Extrasolar Systems

General Results and Projects > s.a. Brown Dwarves.
* History: 1992, Announcement of pulsar planets by Alex Wolszczan; 2004, More than 130 giant planets in orbit about nearby stars have been discovered using ground-based telescopes; For some time, it was not clear whether some of the bodies discovered were brown dwarves, since what was measured was not the mass but mcos, where is the inclination of the orbit wrt the line of sight.
* Plans: 2010, Launch of NASA's interferometer Terrestrial Planet Finder?
@ History, plurality of worlds: Snyder SHPSA(07) [Wheewell]; > s.a. history of cosmology.
@ News: Lindley Nat(88)aug; White Nat(89)jan; Mayor & Queloz Nat(95)nov; Time(96)feb5; Vogt et al ap/99.
@ Overviews: Black SA(91)jan; Morrison 93; Sargent & Beckwith PT(93)apr; Boss PT(96)sep; Cochran pw(97)jul; Boss 99 [r PT(99)apr]; Perryman RPP(00)ap [rev]; Collier Cameron pw(01)jan; Lineweaver et al ap/02-in; Marcy et al ap/05-in; Perryman et al ap/05-rp [ESA-ESO report]; Sánchez-Lavega CP(06) [planetodiversity].
@ Abundance: Lineweaver & Grether ApJ(03)ap [fraction, sunlike].
@ Around binaries: Bennett et al Nat(99)ap [around binary]; Bonavita & Desidera ap/07.
@ Properties: Mazeh et al ap/98/ApJL [mass distribution]; Espresate ap/05/RMAA [catalog]; Stevenson PT(04)apr.

Observation Methods > s.a. sources of gravitational radiation.
* Indirect: From gravitational effects, like Astrometry of nearby stars (1999, First one seen); Doppler shift in spectra of nearby stars (1996, Has given several planets, accuracy 3–11 m/s); Timing of pulsars (gave 3 planets for one pulsar, unexpectedly – how could they survive?).
* Direct: Direct photography (1998, achieved by HST, but only for circumstellar disk); Gravitational lensing/microlensing (achieved in 1999); Eclipse effect on nearby stars (1998, "not very likely"; 1999, achieved); Interferometry of their IR radiation (1996, very delicate, but projects have been proposed; Can tune to lines of molecules signaling life).
@ Microlensing: Sahu ap/97-in; Di Stefano & Scalzo ap/98/ApJ, ap/98/ApJ; Safizadeh et al ap/98/ApJ; Bozza A&A(00)ap/99; Sackett ap/99-in; Baltz & Gondolo ap/99 [extragalactic]; Gaudi ap/02-in [review]; Dominik ap/03-in; Cassan & Kubas ap/06-in; Gaudi a0711-in [rev]; Cassan et al a0711-in; De Paolis et al NCB(07).
@ Space missions: Kuchner ap/05-in [TPF]; Ford ap/05/PASP [SIM, effect of multiple planets]; Sherrill SA(05)nov-dec [TPF]; Olling a0704-rp [LEAVITT proposal].
@ Related topics: Sackett ap/98-in, Doyle et al SA(00)sep [occultation]; Ford et al Nat(01)ap [photometric variability]; Charbonneau ap/03-in [follow-up]; Burrows Nat(05)ap [direct detection]; Chelli A&A(05)ap [imaging]; Sozzetti ap/05/PASP [astrometric]; Gillon et al ap/05/A&A [transit surveys]; Stapelfeldt et al a0707-rp [imaging].

Theory and Special Topics > s.a. Civilizations; tests of general relativity with orbits [ranging and periastron precession].
@ Planetary dynamics: Laughlin & Chambers ap/01/ApJL.
@ Formation: Armitage & Hansen ap/99/Nat; Ruden ap/99-in; Veras & Armitage MNRAS(04)ap/03 [migration]; Ford ap/05-in [rev]; Laughlin AS(06)sep-oct; Armitage ap/07-ln; Lin SA(08)apr.
@ Properties and evolution: Burrows et al RMP(01)ap [giants]; Rubenstein AS(01)jan [and star superflares]; Leger et al ap/03/Ica [ocean planets?]; Tremaine & Zakamska ap/03-in [eccentricity]; Beer et al ap/04/MNRAS [compared to Solar System]; Marchi a0705 [taxonomy]; Soter AS(07).
@ Habitable zones: Jones et al ApJ(05)ap ["Earths"]; González ap/05; Beichman et al ap/06 [search for life, rev]; Raymond ApJL(06)ap [and giant planets]; Cole 06 [intro book]; Haghighipour a0710-in [in binary systems]; Gaidos et al Sci-a0710.
@ Terrestrial planets: Charbonneau & Deming a0706-rp; Valencia et al a0710-ApJL [plate tectonics in super-Earths]; Haghighipour AS(08)#4 [around binary stars].
@ Exomoons: Szabo et al ap/06/A&A [detection]; Simon et al a0705 [properties].
@ Other topics: Foot PLB(99)ap [mirror planets?]; Frisch et al ap/02 [galactic environment]; Hurley & Shara AS(02)mar [free-floating]; Ardila SA(04)apr [minor objects]; Jura AJ(05)ap [comet detection]; Kosso SHPSA(06) [observation vs inference]; Reid ap/06-in [and galactic populations]; Ehrenreich & Cassan a0704-AN [oceans].

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